Molecular and Functional Characterization of Neuronal FMRFamide-Activated Channels

神经元 FMRFamide 激活通道的分子和功能表征

• 批准号: 9810804
• 负责人: David Price
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-10-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9810804&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Functional; Characterization; Neuronal; FMRFamide

IBN 98-10804 PRICE Many of the cells that compose an animal communicate with each other by means of chemical signals. One cell releases a chemical which is detected by another cell through the interaction of the chemical with a "receptor" protein on the cell's surface. The receptor must pass the external signal into the interior of the cell and often does so by opening a selective pore in the cell's surface which lets particular charged ions into and out of the cell. The selective pore is called an "ion channel" and the receptor is said to "gate" the channel. Such signaling is especially elaborate in the nervous system, but ion channels are also involved in salt and water balance and are particularly abundant in the kidney. One of the kidney channels is called the epithelial sodium channel because it allows the sodium ion to pass. It was thought that the epithelial sodium channels were completely distinct from sodium channels mediating chemical signal transmission in the nervous system, but it has recently been shown that one type of channel in the nervous system is related to the epithelial sodium channels. In the snail Helix, one such epithelial sodium-channel relative from the nervous system is gated by a particular chemical named FMRFamide. FMRFamide is a peptide released by certain nerve cells and is thus one example of a group of signaling molecules known as neuropeptides. FMRFamide is the only neuropeptide known to directly gate an ion channel and the channel it gates is the only epithelial sodium channel relative known to be gated by a substance released by nerve cells (i.e. by a "neurotransmitter"). Dr. Price has cloned portions of two epithelial sodium channels from the sea slug Aplysia (an animal related to the land-snail, Helix, but with a much more extensively studied nervous system than Helix). He will now try to isolate full length clones (cultured cells containing the gene from Aplysia) containing these two channels so that their physica l properties can be determined and also so that their localization in the nervous system can be compared to the known localization of FMRFamide. The end result of these studies will be a better understanding of how neuropeptides are involved in the communication of individual nerve cells of an animal and how such communication mediates the complex behaviors that even the most simple animals exhibit.

IBN 98-10804的价格构成动物的许多细胞通过化学信号相互通信。一个细胞释放一种化学物质，另一个细胞通过这种化学物质与细胞表面的“受体”蛋白相互作用而检测到这种化学物质。受体必须将外部信号传递到细胞内部，通常是通过在细胞表面打开一个选择性的小孔，让特定的带电离子进入和离开细胞。这种有选择性的小孔被称为“离子通道”，而受体则被认为是通道的“闸门”。这种信号在神经系统中特别复杂，但离子通道也参与盐分和水的平衡，在肾脏中尤其丰富。其中一个肾脏通道被称为上皮性钠通道，因为它允许钠离子通过。人们认为上皮性钠通道与介导神经系统化学信号传递的钠通道是完全不同的，但最近的研究表明，神经系统中的一种通道与上皮性钠通道有关。在蜗牛螺旋中，神经系统中的一个这样的上皮性钠通道被一种名为FMRFamide的特殊化学物质控制。FMRFamide是一种由某些神经细胞释放的多肽，因此是一组称为神经肽的信号分子的一个例子。FMRFamide是已知的唯一直接对离子通道进行门控的神经肽，它所门控的通道也是唯一已知的被神经细胞释放的物质(即“神经递质”)门控的上皮性钠通道。普莱斯博士从海螺中克隆了两个上皮性钠通道的一部分。海螺与陆地蜗牛Helix有亲缘关系，但其神经系统的研究比Helix广泛得多。他现在将尝试分离包含这两个通道的全长克隆(包含海兔基因的培养细胞)，以便确定它们的物理特性，并将它们在神经系统中的定位与已知的FMRFamide的定位进行比较。这些研究的最终结果将是更好地理解神经肽如何参与动物单个神经细胞的通讯，以及这种通讯如何调节即使是最简单的动物所表现出的复杂行为。