Collaborative Research: Solar Radiation Processes in the East Antarctic Sea Ice Zone

这个项目是一项为期三年的研究，研究在春末夏初南极海冰和大气之间的界面上发生了什么，特别是能量是如何在海洋、冰层和最低空气层之间分配的。它将与澳大利亚南极计划合作进行，在澳大利亚的南极光船上进行实地工作。南极季节性海冰覆盖的极高反射率减少了表面的太阳能输入，冰层的低导热系数减少了从海洋到大气的热量损失，显著影响了南大洋的气候。随着初夏海冰的消融，反射率降低，融化过程加快。需要关于这些过程如何工作的信息，以便开发适当和现实的海冰模型，并将这些模型纳入大气环流和气候变化模型。将研究三个主题：雪和冰覆盖的分布和类型及其在太阳光谱中的反射率，云在传输入射太阳辐射中的作用，以及雪和冰中有机物质的分布和吸收特性。定标的向下和反射向上的辐照度观测将用于推断地表的辐射平衡，并将用于模拟南极海冰地区的地表能量强迫。主要有机吸收剂的浓度和分布将从冰芯样品中确定，并将研究它们对可见光和紫外光波段能量透过率的影响。藻层经常出现在南极海冰中，并被认为是启动南大洋季节性浮游生物水华的一种可能机制。

This project is a three-year study of what happens to solar energy at the interface between the antarctic sea ice and the atmosphere in late Spring and early Summer, specifically how the energy is apportioned among the ocean, the ice, and the lowest air layers. It will be carried out in cooperation with the Australian Antarctic Program, with field work on board the Australian ship Aurora Australis. The very high reflectivity of the seasonal antarctic sea ice cover reduces the input of solar energy at the surface, and the low thermal conductivity of the ice reduces the loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere, significantly affecting the climate of the Southern Ocean. As the sea ice decays in early summer the reflectivity is reduced and melting process is accelerated. Information about how these processes work is needed in order to develop appropriate and realistic sea ice models, and to integrate these into general circulation and climate change models. Three topics will be investigated: the distribution and types of snow and ice cover and their reflectance in the solar spectrum, the effect of clouds in transmitting incident solar radiation, and the distribution and absorption properties of organic material within the snow and ice.Calibrated downward and reflected upward irradiance observations will be used to infer the radiation balance at the surface and will be used to model the surface energy forcing for the antarctic sea ice region. The concentration and distribution of major organic absorbers will be determined from core samples within the ice, and their effect on the transmittance of energy within the visible and ultraviolet bands will be studied. Algal layers are frequently found within the antarctic sea ice, and have been proposed as a likely mechanism for initiating seasonal plankton blooms in the Southern Ocean.