Development of Perceptual Categorization in Infants

婴儿知觉分类的发展

• 批准号: 9816641
• 负责人: Paul Quinn
• 金额: $ 23.79万
• 依托单位: Washington and Jefferson College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 1999-10-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9816641&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Perceptual; Categorization; Infants

The use of categories - for example, dog, animal, chair, furniture - is central to human cognition, underpinning the ability to perceive, remember, and reason. Questions concerning when and how categorical representations emerge in infancy is therefore central to the study of perceptual and cognitive development. The aim of this project is to further our knowledge about the development of complex, perceptually-based categorical representations in young infants. The results will help us to understand how children learn, and should have relevance for issues concerning early childhood education, and developmental disabilities.A series of experiments using the familiarization-novelty preference procedure will be conducted to study the categorical representations formed by infants at superordinate (e.g., animal, furniture), basic (e.g., dog, chair), and subordinate (e.g., German Shepherd, living room chair) levels across the first year of life. Specific experiments are planned to examine: (1) the ages at which infants first develop representations for superordinate, basic, and subordinate categories; (2) whether representations for superordinate categories precede those at the basic and subordinate levels; (3) whether methodological factors such as the number of exemplars presented to the infant underlie apparent differences in previous findings on the development of representations for superordinate and basic categories; and (4) what surface attributes of the stimuli (e.g., overall shape, particular parts, color, texture, etc.) infants extract when forming category representations at different levels.

类别的使用--例如，狗、动物、椅子、家具--是人类认知的核心，支撑着感知、记忆和推理的能力。 因此，关于范畴表征何时以及如何在婴儿期出现的问题是知觉和认知发展研究的核心。 这个项目的目的是进一步了解幼儿复杂的、基于感知的范畴表征的发展。 本研究采用熟悉-新奇偏好程序，对婴儿在上位范畴（如：1）上形成的范畴表征进行了一系列的实验研究，结果表明：1）婴儿在上位范畴（如：1）上形成的范畴表征的数量和数量均大于1; 2）婴儿在上位范畴（如：1）上形成的范畴表征的数量和数量均大于1; 3）婴儿在上位范畴（如：1）上形成的范畴表征的数量和数量均大于1。动物、家具），基本的（例如，狗、椅子），和下属（例如，德国牧羊犬，客厅椅子）水平在生命的第一年。本研究拟通过具体的实验来考察：（1）婴儿首次发展上位范畴、基本范畴和下位范畴表征的年龄;（2）上位范畴表征是否先于基本范畴和下位范畴表征;（三）方法学因素，如呈现给婴儿的样本数量，是否是先前关于表征发展的研究结果的明显差异的基础对于高级和基本类别;以及（4）刺激的什么表面属性（例如，整体形状、特定部分、颜色、纹理等）婴儿在形成不同层次的类别表征时进行提取。