Perceptual Categorization in Real-World Expertise

现实世界专业知识的感知分类

• 批准号: 1257098
• 负责人: Thomas Palmeri
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1257098&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perceptual; Categorization; Real; World; Expertise

People with perceptual expertise are skilled at making rapid identifications of specialized objects at a glance, often in poor light and camouflage. Forensic experts can accurately match exemplars to latent fingerprints that may be small, distorted, or smudged. Expert radiologists can quickly categorize medical images as normal or cancerous. This project examines perception, categorization, and identification along the continuum from novice to expert performance in two real-world perceptual domains. The overall aim is to understand how fundamental perceptual and cognitive mechanisms are tuned and modified by experience and expertise. The models arising from this project will enable us to understand the development of real-world perceptual expertise and to validate theoretically-grounded measures of expert performance. Why study perceptual expertise? Just as gifted athletes push the limits of their bodies, or prize-winning mathematicians push the limits of their minds, perceptual experts push the limits of their perceptual systems. Perhaps with better markers of perceptual expertise and a better understanding of how people become perceptual experts, we could identify potential perceptual experts more effectively, train new perceptual experts more efficiently, and evaluate existing perceptual experts more thoroughly. Studying perceptual expertise can also help inform our understanding of the kinds of everyday expertise that we all have, such as recognizing faces or reading words. This can yield new insights into education and workforce training along with new insights into how the ravages of brain damage or disease might lead to perceptual and learning deficits and potentially inform future breakthroughs in evaluation, intervention, or treatment.

具有感知专长的人能够一眼就迅速识别出特定的物体，通常是在光线不足和伪装的情况下。法医专家可以准确地将样本与可能很小、扭曲或模糊的潜在指纹相匹配。放射科专家可以快速将医学图像分类为正常或癌症。这个项目考察了知觉，分类和识别沿着连续从新手到专家的表现在两个现实世界的知觉领域。总体目标是了解基本的感知和认知机制是如何通过经验和专业知识进行调整和修改的。从这个项目产生的模型将使我们能够了解现实世界的感知专业知识的发展，并验证理论上的专家绩效的措施。为什么要学习知觉专业知识？就像天才运动员挑战他们身体的极限，或者获奖的数学家挑战他们思想的极限一样，知觉专家也挑战他们知觉系统的极限。也许有了更好的感知专家标记和更好地理解人们如何成为感知专家，我们可以更有效地识别潜在的感知专家，更有效地训练新的感知专家，更彻底地评估现有的感知专家。研究知觉专长还可以帮助我们了解我们所有人都拥有的日常专长，例如识别面孔或阅读单词。这可以为教育和劳动力培训提供新的见解，沿着新的见解，即脑损伤或疾病的破坏如何导致感知和学习缺陷，并可能为未来的评估，干预或治疗突破提供信息。