Advancing the degree of implementation of Natural Flood Management

与自然进程合作，大大减少洪水对村庄和城镇的影响，并有可能减少对我们大城市的影响，这是很有潜力的。现已在几个地点展示了例子，表明在当地规模(10平方公里)上，软工程结构可以减缓、储存和缓冲径流，同时为泥沙流失和污染控制带来多重好处。为NFM特色创造的空间，如池塘、改良沟渠、木质碎屑坝和沼泽，也是生态状况改善和新栖息地的地点。洪水期间对水文径流路径的基本控制和当地水力和能量状况的改变，可以在下游产生切实的好处，并可形成更广泛的基于集水区的流域管理办法的基础。贝尔福德项目(由纽卡斯尔和EA牵头)和其他NFM示范点等项目在塑造政府对NFM潜力的思考方面产生了很大影响。环境保护局现在鼓励将NFM作为一种可行的低成本洪水管理方法，特别是对于使用传统方法解决成本较高的地点。纽卡斯尔已经在与环保局合作，作为与自然进程合作倡议的一部分，该倡议正寻求改善NFM在英国的摄入量。然而，NFM的普及仍然存在几个障碍，希望该项目将有助于解决这些问题。NFM和集水区管理的资金结构是零散的，分散在许多机构。传统的硬工程和软工程(或基于自然的解决方案)之间的反差仍然很大，需要在当地农场的NFM工作和传统的洪水管理专业人员之间达成和解。NFM的证据基础虽然增长缓慢，但需要加快速度，并以令人信服的方式利用KE战略，以鼓励NFM的采用。需要更好地了解河流恢复计划、方法和资金(这已经是ARUP的专长)。如何发展已建立的河流修复方法，并将其上游移至较小的河流，以从源头上审视径流管理？NFM在单一功能范围内发挥作用的证据也很充分，因此需要升级这些方法是至关重要的。扩大规模的问题最好是使用基于规模理论的合理的科学论证、新的模型和改进的监测方法。为此，ARUP和纽卡斯尔大学将创建一个现实的技术和成本效益高的资金模型，以表明NFM可以在更大的规模上进行，具有切实的好处，更快、更便宜、更容易交付。其目的是展示NFM的科学基础，以及如何实现多重好处以及为什么。NFM的科学基础有可能进一步扩展到流域系统科学中，以表明NFM在未来的流域管理中可以发挥重要作用。该项目团队将继续影响政府关于NFM方法的政策，并将试图通过我们的CPD课程和高调出版物在英国培养新一代NFM科学家和实践者。

There is great potential to work with natural processes to substantially reduce flood impacts on villages and towns and potentially on our larger cities. Examples have now been shown at several locations that show at the local scale (10km2) that soft engineered structures can slow, store and buffer runoff whilst giving multiple benefits to sediment losses and pollution control. The space created for NFM feature such as ponds, modified ditches, woody debris dams and swales are also sites of improved ecological status and new habitats. The fundamental manipulation of hydrological runoff pathways and the modification of the local hydraulic and energy regimes during flood flow, can have tangible benefits downstream and could form the basis of a broader catchment based approach to catchment management. Projects such as the Belford Project (led by Newcastle and the EA) and other NFM demonstration sites have had high impact in terms shaping government thinking on the NFM potential. NFM is now encouraged by the EA as a viable approach to lower cost flood management, especially for locations that would be expensive to resolve using traditional methods. Newcastle is already working with the EA as part of the Working with Natural Processes Initiative which is seeking to improve NFM uptake in the UK. However, several barriers to NFM uptake remain and it is hoped that this project will help resolve these issues. The funding structure for NFM and catchment management is piecemeal and fragmented and it is spread across many agencies. The contrast between traditional hard engineering and soft engineering (or nature-based solutions) is still high and a reconciliation between NFM work on local farms and the traditional flood management professionals is needed. The evidence base for NFM, although growing slowly, needs to be accelerated and captured in a compelling manner by using KE strategies that will encourage NFM uptake. Better understanding of River Restoration schemes methods and funding (which is already an ARUP specialism) is needed. How can the established river restoration methods be evolved and moved upstream to smaller streams to look at runoff management at source? Evidence that NFM works at the scale of single features is also strong, hence the need to upscale these approaches is vital. The scaling up issue will be best achieved by using sound scientific arguments based on scaling theory, new models and improved monitoring methods.To this end ARUP and Newcastle University will create a realistic technological and cost effective funding model to show that NFM can be carried out across larger scales, with tangible benefits, which is quicker, cheaper and easier to deliver. The aim is to show the scientific basis for NFM and how the multiple benefits can be achieved and why. There is potential to further extend the NFM scientific basis into Catchment System Science to show that NFM can play a major role in catchment management in the future. The project team will continue to influence government policy on NFM methods and will attempt to create a new generation of NFM scientists and practitioners in the UK through our CPD courses and high profile publications.