CAREER: Life Science in the Atomic Age: The Radioactive Revolution of Biomedical Research

职业：原子时代的生命科学：生物医学研究的放射性革命

• 批准号: 9875012
• 负责人: Angela Creager
• 金额: $ 26.21万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9875012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Life; Science; Atomic; Age

This Career Development Project integrates research and teaching around the theme of materials in biological experimentation. The five-year research project addresses the role of radioisotopes in postwar biomedicine, a subject that has been virtually untouched by historians of science. This study will help resolve central issues about the reconfiguration of biology after World War II, including the changing relationship between physical scientists and biologists, the degree to which postwar biomedical research corresponded to "big science," and the relationship of practices in laboratory research to those of field science.In conjunction with this research project, the PI will develop two new courses to teach Princeton students about developments in postwar biology by involving them in historical research. An undergraduate seminar, "Biology in the Atomic Age," will focus on the intertwined scientific and political developments in the aftermath of Hiroshima, with attention to biophysics, radiation research (including that on human subjects), and scientific assessments of environmental health and safety. Students in a graduate seminar entitled "Postwar Biomedicine: Big Science?" will investigate the major trends in life science after World War II, in terms of disciplines, institutions, patronage, and research practices. To complement the seminar discussions, the PI will draw a group of outstanding scholars to Princeton for a three-day workshop on postwar biomedical science. Finally, the Pis yearly lecture course on the history of biology since the Enlightenment will be redesigned around the changing materials and practices of life scientists, incorporating various instruments, organisms, and contemporary biological kits into classroom teaching.This project will also include a second and more limited research project examining the contributions of crystallographer Rosalind Franklin to knowledge of the three-dimensional architecture of tobacco mosaic virus. In addition to enriching our understanding of molecular biology in the 1950s, this historical reassessment will provide a timely and important contribution to scholarship on women in science. The study has more immediate benefits as well: by extending the PI's scholarship to include work on gender and science (an area in which she teaches a yearly seminar) the project will more fully integrate her teaching and research activities. This historical study grows out of her first book project, which shows how tobacco mosaic virus became an important material for biological experimentation and served as a model for biomedical and agricultural research on other viruses.

这个职业发展项目围绕生物实验中的材料这一主题，集研究和教学于一体。这项为期五年的研究项目探讨了放射性同位素在战后生物医学中的作用，这是科学史学家几乎从未触及过的一个主题。这项研究将有助于解决二战后生物学重组的核心问题，包括物理学家和生物学家之间关系的变化，战后生物医学研究与“大科学”的对应程度，以及实验室研究实践与田野科学研究的关系。与这项研究项目相结合，国际和平研究所将开发两门新课程，通过让普林斯顿大学的学生参与历史研究来教授他们战后生物学的发展。本科生研讨会“原子时代的生物学”将聚焦于广岛灾后相互交织的科学和政治发展，重点关注生物物理学、辐射研究(包括人类研究对象)以及对环境健康和安全的科学评估。学生们在一个名为“战后生物医学：大科学？”的研究生研讨会上。将调查二战后生命科学在学科、机构、赞助和研究实践方面的主要趋势。作为研讨会讨论的补充，国际和平协会将吸引一批杰出的学者到普林斯顿参加为期三天的战后生物医学科学研讨会。最后，PIS关于启蒙运动以来生物史的年度讲座课程将围绕生命科学家不断变化的材料和实践进行重新设计，将各种仪器、生物体和当代生物试剂盒纳入课堂教学。这个项目还将包括第二个也是更有限的研究项目，考察结晶学家罗莎琳德·富兰克林对烟草花叶病毒三维结构知识的贡献。除了丰富我们在20世纪50年代对分子生物学的理解外，这一历史性的重新评估将为科学中的女性学术做出及时而重要的贡献。这项研究也有更直接的好处：通过将PI的奖学金扩大到包括性别和科学方面的工作(她每年都在这个领域授课)，该项目将更充分地整合她的教学和研究活动。这项历史研究源于她的第一本书项目，这本书展示了烟草花叶病毒如何成为生物实验的重要材料，并成为其他病毒的生物医学和农业研究的模型。