Dissertation Research: Of Birds and Bees: Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and the Science of Animals

这篇科学和技术研究论文改进助学金讲述了动物行为研究的历史。特别是，该项目通过关注这一时期最重要的两种声音，考察了从20世纪20年代到70年代，科学家们如何看待讲德语的欧洲的动物。诺贝尔奖得主卡尔·冯·弗里施和康拉德·洛伦茨。冯·弗里希因发现蜜蜂舞蹈而获得国际赞誉，他将蜜蜂舞蹈作为一种手段，将食物来源的方向和距离传达给蜂群配偶，而洛伦茨是行为学的创始人之一。寻求本能行为的进化论解释的欧洲方法。这名学生已经完成了冯·弗里希的大部分档案工作，目前正在柏林研究洛伦茨的藏品。用这笔赠款的资金，她将前往哥廷根，对他们的许多电影的制作和发行进行研究。她还将于2004年秋季返回欧洲，分别在慕尼黑和维也纳完成对冯·弗里施和洛伦茨的剩余研究。该项目将考察这两位研究人员如何跨越动物和人类的边界，以及他们如何在他们的科学和他们的流行作品中处理拟人化问题。很多事情都事关重大，因为关于动物的问题切中了作为人类意味着什么的核心。这个问题在第二次世界大战前后变得尤为紧迫。因此，该项目试图回答以下两个问题：如何科学地看待动物？科学家是如何教公众如何看待动物的？因为这篇论文的弧线很大程度上是按时间顺序排列的，所以该项目还将讨论这些观点在大约50年的时间里是如何变化的。虽然行为学的学科历史已经被很好地记录下来，但没有对冯·弗里施的工作或洛伦茨的通俗著作及其与他的科学工作的关系的深入审查。这项研究还将有助于二十世纪生物学的历史，后者倾向于强调遗传学和分子生物学的发展，而不是以其他方法为代价，例如动物行为研究。通过处理科学和通俗作品，她的项目特别关注通过动物行为研究的镜头来看待科学和社会之间的关系。除了出版的通俗和科学著作外，该项目还利用冯·弗里施和洛伦茨的信件、日记、实验室笔记本、讲座笔记和电影。

This Science and Technology Studies Dissertation Improvement Grant treats the history of animal behavior studies. In particular, the project examines how scientists viewed animals in German-speaking Europe from the 1920s to 1970s by focusing on two of the period's most important voices on the subject. Nobel Laureates Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz. Von Frisch attained international acclaim for his discovery of the honeybee dances as a means to communicate the direction and distance of food sources to hive mates, while Lorenz was one of the founders of ethology . the European approach that sought evolutionary explanations of instinctive behavior. The student has completed most of her archival work on von Frisch and is currently researching Lorenz holdings in Berlin. With funds from this grant, she will travel to Gottingen to conduct research on the production and distribution of their many films. She will also return to Europe in the fall (2004) to complete the remainder of her research on von Frisch and Lorenz in Munich and Vienna, respectively. The project will examine how these two researchers navigated the animal-human boundary and how they handled problems of anthropomorphism in their science as well as their popular works. Much was at stake, for questions about animals cut to the core of what it meant to be human . an issue that became especially pressing in the period surrounding World War Two. Thus, the project seeks to answer the following two questions: How were animals viewed scientifically? And how did scientists teach the public to view animals? Because the dissertation's arc is largely chronological, the project will also address how these views changed over the roughly fifty-year period in question. While the disciplinary history of ethology has been well documented, no in-depth examination of von Frisch's work or of Lorenz's popular writings and its relation to his scientific work exists. The study will also contribute to the history of twentieth-century biology, which has tended to emphasize the development of genetics and molecular biology at the expensive of other approaches, such as animal behavior studies. By addressing both scientific and popular works, her project pays particular attention to the relationship between science and society as seen through the lens of animal behavior studies. In addition to published popular and scientific writings, the project draws on von Frisch's and Lorenz's correspondence, diaries, laboratory notebooks, lecture notes, and film.