Dissertation Research: Of Birds and Bees: Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and the Science of Animals

这项科学技术研究论文改进基金处理动物行为研究的历史。特别是，该项目通过关注这一时期在这一主题上最重要的两种声音，研究了20世纪20年代到70年代，科学家是如何看待德语区欧洲的动物的。诺贝尔奖得主卡尔·冯·弗里施和康拉德·洛伦兹。冯·弗里施发现蜜蜂舞蹈是一种向蜂巢配偶传达食物来源的方向和距离的手段，因此获得了国际赞誉，而洛伦兹是动物行为学的创始人之一。寻求本能行为的进化解释的欧洲方法。这位学生已经完成了大部分关于冯·弗里施的档案工作，目前正在柏林研究洛伦兹的藏品。利用这笔资金，她将前往哥廷根，对他们的许多电影的制作和发行进行研究。她还将于2004年秋天返回欧洲，分别在慕尼黑和维也纳完成她对冯·弗里施和洛伦兹的剩余研究。该项目将考察这两位研究人员如何驾驭动物与人类的界限，以及他们如何在他们的科学和通俗作品中处理拟人化问题。因为关于动物的问题直接触及了作为人类意味着什么的核心，所以很多问题都处于危险之中。这个问题在第二次世界大战期间变得尤为紧迫。因此，该项目试图回答以下两个问题：如何科学地看待动物？科学家是如何教公众看待动物的？因为论文的弧线很大程度上是按时间顺序排列的，所以该项目还将讨论这些观点在大约50年的时间里是如何变化的。虽然动物行为学的学科历史已经有了很好的记录，但对冯·弗里施的工作或洛伦兹的通俗著作及其与他的科学工作的关系的深入研究并不存在。这项研究也将对20世纪生物学的历史做出贡献，这一历史倾向于强调遗传学和分子生物学的发展，而忽略了其他方法，如动物行为研究。通过解决科学和大众作品，她的项目特别关注科学与社会之间的关系，通过动物行为研究的镜头看到。除了出版的大众和科学著作外，该项目还借鉴了冯·弗里施和洛伦兹的信件、日记、实验室笔记、课堂笔记和电影。

This Science and Technology Studies Dissertation Improvement Grant treats the history of animal behavior studies. In particular, the project examines how scientists viewed animals in German-speaking Europe from the 1920s to 1970s by focusing on two of the period's most important voices on the subject. Nobel Laureates Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz. Von Frisch attained international acclaim for his discovery of the honeybee dances as a means to communicate the direction and distance of food sources to hive mates, while Lorenz was one of the founders of ethology . the European approach that sought evolutionary explanations of instinctive behavior. The student has completed most of her archival work on von Frisch and is currently researching Lorenz holdings in Berlin. With funds from this grant, she will travel to Gottingen to conduct research on the production and distribution of their many films. She will also return to Europe in the fall (2004) to complete the remainder of her research on von Frisch and Lorenz in Munich and Vienna, respectively. The project will examine how these two researchers navigated the animal-human boundary and how they handled problems of anthropomorphism in their science as well as their popular works. Much was at stake, for questions about animals cut to the core of what it meant to be human . an issue that became especially pressing in the period surrounding World War Two. Thus, the project seeks to answer the following two questions: How were animals viewed scientifically? And how did scientists teach the public to view animals? Because the dissertation's arc is largely chronological, the project will also address how these views changed over the roughly fifty-year period in question. While the disciplinary history of ethology has been well documented, no in-depth examination of von Frisch's work or of Lorenz's popular writings and its relation to his scientific work exists. The study will also contribute to the history of twentieth-century biology, which has tended to emphasize the development of genetics and molecular biology at the expensive of other approaches, such as animal behavior studies. By addressing both scientific and popular works, her project pays particular attention to the relationship between science and society as seen through the lens of animal behavior studies. In addition to published popular and scientific writings, the project draws on von Frisch's and Lorenz's correspondence, diaries, laboratory notebooks, lecture notes, and film.