Microscopic Theory of Quantum Fluids and Nuclear Systems

要深刻理解核物理学、致密物质天体物理学和凝聚态物理中普遍存在的强相互作用多体系统中观察到的现象，需要使用先进的分析和计算方法进行密集的从头算研究，这些方法远远超出了传统的平均场理论。该项目继续发展和应用两个互补的多粒子理论，一个涉及描述波函数、基态和密度矩阵的基本相关性；另一个是在介质中处理粒子性质的变化和单体和双体传播体的相互作用。这些方法和其他技术的具体应用将包括（e,e'p）和（e,e'2N）横截面的计算，用于重离子反应分析的介质中核子-核子相互作用的构建，核介质中奇异传播的研究，各种配对通道中核子超流体性质的定量评估，p波配对的普遍特征的阐明，探索交换对称破缺在液氦中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚从头算理论中的作用，以及核半衰期和原子质量的统计预测。在突出的情况下，这项研究将有助于解释和模拟来自电子散射、重离子和放射性光束设施的实验结果，以及与中子星内部有关的天体物理观测。

A deep understanding of the phenomena observed in the strongly interacting many-body systems prevalent in nuclear physics, dense-matter astrophysics, and condensed-matter physics requires intensive ab initio investigations using advanced analytical and computational approaches that reach far beyond traditional mean-field theories. This project continues the development and application of two complementary many-particle theories, the one involving description of fundamental correlations in terms of wave functions, basis states, and density matrices; and the other addressing in-medium modifications of particle properties and interactions in terms of one- and two-body propagators. Specific applications of these methods and other techniques will include calculation of (e,e'p) and (e,e'2N) cross sections, construction of an in-medium nucleon-nucleon interaction for analysis of heavy-ion reactions, studies of strangeness propagation in nuclear media, quantitative evaluation of the properties of nucleonic superfluids in various pairing channels, elucidation of universal features of P-wave pairing, exploration of the role of exchange-symmetry breaking within an ab initio theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid helium, and statistical prediction of nulear halflives and atomic masses. In salient cases, the research will be instrumental to the interpretation and modeling of experimental results from electron-scattering, heavy-ion, and radioactive-beam facilities as well as astrophysical observations relating to neutron-star interiors.