GEM: Energetic Particle Dynamics During Geomagnetic Storms and Magnetospheric Substorms

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The two most significant periods when magnetospheric energy is transported from one region to another and shifted from magnetic fields to particles are during magnetic storms and substorms. In particular, during storms and substorms a substantial portion of the energy to converted into the high-energy portion of the particle distributions. This research program will use theoretical techniques and numerical test particle tracing techniques to examine how the energization of particles takes place and how the energetic particles are transported within the magnetosphere. The ultimate goal is to produce a predictive model of energetic particle injection during storms and substorms. This model could then be used in the construction of the GGCM.