Identity Theory, Justice, and Emotions

身份理论、正义和情感

• 批准号: 9904215
• 负责人: Jan Stets
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-01 至 2001-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9904215&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identity; Theory; Justice; Emotions

9904215StetsThis project uses recent developments in identity theory to examine the relationship between justice and emotions. In identity theory, a person acts in a self-regulatory manner with the goal of matching meanings of the self in a situation with the identity meanings in one's standard. This self-regulation is ongoing and continuous, often requiring little attention. A person becomes more attentive when the normal state of continuous congruence gets interrupted in a situation. Then, the person responds with autonomic arousal subjectively experienced as negative emotion. In identity theory, it is hypothesized that repeated interruptions in the identity process cause more negative emotion than occasional or infrequent interruptions. This hypothesis is applied to the distributive justice process regarding individuals' emotional responses to injustice.Distributive theory has much in common with identity theory. In particular, distributive justice theorists also conceptualize the self as acting in a self-regulatory manner with the goal of matching one's actual reward in a situation with one's expected reward. Congruence registers the experience of justice and incongruence registers the experience of injustice in a situation. Negative emotion follows from the cognitive evaluation of incongruence. Two experiments will be conducted to test the emotional responses of individuals to unjust situations. Each experiment simulates a work situation and subjects are asked to perform four simple clerical tasks. They are told that their pay (reward) is based on their performance on these tasks. In the first experiment, subjects with either be given an under-reward, expected reward, or over-reward at prearranged intervals throughout their task performance (high persistence), or they will receive their reward after task completion (low persistence). The second experiment will be set up like the first with one addition. Subjects will be made to feel that either they are responsible for the reward they receive (self as responsible) or the experimenter is responsible for the reward they receive (other responsible). In both experiments, subject's standard of justice while in the worker role will be measured. Additionally, subjects' emotions will be measured throughout task performance by 1) videotaping facial expressions and bodily responses and applying an emotion coding scheme t the videotapes, and 2) obtaining self-reports on subjects current feelings.In general, this research develops identity theory by testing some of its theoretical assumptions regarding emotions as well as examining other emotions not yet explored in the theory. It also broadens distributive justice research by applying some of the theoretical advances in identity theory to distributive justice theory. Finally, this research advances the area of sociology of emotions by examining how a theory of self-regulation that both identity theory and distributive justice theory assumes can explain different emotions in situations.

9904215 Stets这个项目使用身份理论的最新发展来研究正义和情感之间的关系。 在同一性理论中，一个人以自我调节的方式行事，目的是将自我在某种情况下的意义与一个人标准中的身份意义相匹配。 这种自我调节是持续不断的，往往不需要太多关注。 当连续一致的正常状态在某种情况下被打断时，一个人会变得更加专注。 然后，这个人以主观上被体验为负面情绪的自主觉醒做出反应。 在认同理论中，假设认同过程中的重复中断比偶尔或不频繁的中断会导致更多的负面情绪。 这一假说适用于分配正义过程，即个人对不公正的情绪反应。分配理论与认同理论有许多共同之处。 特别是，分配正义理论家也将自我概念化为以自我调节的方式行事，目标是将一个人在某种情况下的实际奖励与他的预期奖励相匹配。 一致性记录了正义的经验，不一致性记录了一种情况下的不正义经验。 负面情绪来自对不一致的认知评价。将进行两个实验来测试个人对不公正情况的情绪反应。 每个实验都模拟一个工作环境，要求受试者完成四项简单的文书工作。 他们被告知，他们的工资（奖励）是基于他们在这些任务上的表现。在第一个实验中，受试者要么在整个任务执行过程中以预先安排的时间间隔获得奖励不足、预期奖励或过度奖励（高持久性），要么在任务完成后获得奖励（低持久性）。 第二个实验的设置与第一个实验相同，只增加一个实验。 受试者将感到要么他们对他们获得的奖励负责（自我负责），要么实验者对他们获得的奖励负责（他人负责）。 在这两个实验中，受试者的正义标准，而在工人的角色将被测量。 此外，受试者的情绪将在整个任务执行过程中通过1）拍摄面部表情和身体反应并将情绪编码方案应用于录像带，以及2）获得受试者当前感受的自我报告来测量。总的来说，本研究通过测试有关情绪的一些理论假设以及研究理论中尚未探索的其他情绪来发展认同理论。 它还通过将身份理论中的一些理论进展应用于分配正义理论来拓宽分配正义研究。 最后，本研究通过研究身份理论和分配正义理论假设的自我调节理论如何解释情境中的不同情绪，推进了情绪社会学领域。