Collaborative Research: Development, Validation and Improvement of a Coupled Biological/Chemical/Physical Model for the Arabian Sea

这个项目概述了三项研究任务，旨在开发、验证和改进阿拉伯海的生物/化学/物理模型。这项研究的一个重点是了解阿拉伯-海洋碳循环，这需要适当地描述生物和物理过程。要理解这种复杂性的问题，需要开发动态复杂性不同的模型层次结构。目前的方法是从一个动态简单的系统开始，仔细地将其解与现有数据进行比较，找出模型的不足之处，并开发和测试各种克服它们的假设。研究人员的初始系统将由三个部分组成：51/2层物理模型、四室(NAHD)生物模型和模拟碳氧循环的化学模型。这个系统的优点是它在计算上非常有效。因此，科学家将能够进行广泛的测试运行，因此可以仔细评估个别过程的影响。每个组件模型的不同版本已经被证明在模拟阿拉伯海和其他地方的观测方面取得了成功，这一先前的成功让研究人员相信，耦合系统也将产生有用的解决方案。最初的系统将随着研究人员发现不足并修改模型以纠正它们而逐步改进和扩展。美国JGOFS合成和建模项目(SMP)的中心目标是将观测数据合成一组可用于预测的模型。在这里，调查人员将召集一批拥有实现阿拉伯海这一目标所需的集体专业知识的科学家。具体地说，Sharon Smith贡献了她在阿拉伯海生物和化学领域的知识，Raleigh Hood和Don Olson贡献了他们在生物和化学建模方面的专业知识，Julian McCreary贡献了他在该地区物理过程的建模经验。因此，每个首席研究人员在整个研究工作中都发挥着重要作用。在这一努力中，研究人员将检验有关控制阿拉伯海生物地球化学通量的因素的基本假设。该地区因其强大的季风强迫和较大的季节振荡而被选为美国四项JGOFS过程研究之一的地点，事实上，该项目在四项研究中获得了最完整的碳循环季节和空间分辨率。因此，这些现场观测与同时进行的ONR测量、历史数据和新的卫星海洋颜色观测相结合，为开发能够在广泛的海洋条件下现实地作出反应的耦合模式提供了理想的数据集。因此，调查人员预计，这些结果将很容易推广到世界海洋的其他区域。

McCreary9904690This project outlines three research tasks designed to develop, validate, and improve a biological/chemical /physical model for the Arabian Sea. A focus of the research is to understand the Arabian-Sea carbon cycle, which requires that biological and physical processes be properly represented. To understand a problem of this complexity requires the development of a hierarchy of models that vary in dynamical complexity. The present approach is to begin with a dynamically simple system, to compare its solutions carefully with available data, identify model deficiencies and to develop and test various hypotheses for overcoming them.The investigators initial system will consist of three components: a 51/2-layer physical model, a 4-compartment (NAHD) biological model, and a chemical model that simulates carbon and oxygen cycling. The system has the advantage that it is computationally very efficient. Consequently, the scientists will be able to carry out extensive test runs, and hence can carefully assess the influence of individual processes. Versions of each component model have already proven successful at simulating observations in the Arabian Sea and elsewhere, and this prior success gives the researchers confidence that the coupled system will also produce useful solutions. The initial system will be gradually improved and expanded as the investigators identify deficiencies and modify the model to correct them.The central goal of the U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP) is to synthesize observational data into a set of models that can be used for prediction. Here, the investigators will bring together a group of scientists with the collective expertise necessary to achieve this goal for the Arabian Sea. Specifically, Sharon Smith contributes her knowledge of Arabian Sea biological and chemical fields, Raleigh Hood and Don Olson contribute their expertise in biological and chemical modeling, and Julian McCreary contributes his modeling experience of physical processes in the region. Each Principal Investigator thus performs an important function in the overall research effort.In this effort the researchers will test fundamental hypotheses concerning the factors that control biogeochemical fluxes in the Arabian Sea. This region was selected to be the location of one of the four U.S. JGOFS Process Studies because of its strong monsoonal forcing and large seasonal oscillations, and indeed the project acquired the most complete seasonal and spatial resolution of carbon cycling among the four Studies. These field observations, in combination with concurrent ONR measurements, historical data and new satellite ocean color observations, thus provide an ideal data set for developing a coupled model that can respond realistically under a wide range of oceanic conditions. Consequently, the investigators expect that the results will be readily generalizable to other regions of the World Ocean.