Collaborative Research: Development, Validation and Improvement of a Coupled Biological/Chemical/Physical Model for the Arabian Sea

该项目概述了三个研究任务，旨在开发、验证和改进阿拉伯海的生物/化学/物理模型。研究的一个重点是了解阿拉伯海碳循环，这需要适当地表示生物和物理过程。要理解如此复杂的问题，需要发展动态复杂性变化的模型层次。目前的方法是从一个动态简单的系统开始，将其解决方案与现有数据仔细比较，确定模型的缺陷，并开发和测试各种假设以克服这些缺陷。研究人员最初的系统将由三个部分组成：51/2层物理模型，4层（NAHD）生物模型和模拟碳和氧循环的化学模型。该系统的优点是计算效率很高。因此，科学家们将能够进行广泛的试验运行，从而可以仔细评估个别过程的影响。每个组件模型的版本已经在阿拉伯海和其他地方的模拟观测中被证明是成功的，这一先前的成功给了研究人员信心，耦合系统也将产生有用的解决方案。随着研究人员发现缺陷并修改模型以纠正这些缺陷，初始系统将逐步得到改进和扩展。美国JGOFS综合和建模项目（SMP）的中心目标是将观测数据综合成一组可用于预测的模型。在这里，调查人员将召集一组具有集体专业知识的科学家，为阿拉伯海实现这一目标。具体来说，Sharon Smith贡献了她在阿拉伯海生物和化学领域的知识，Raleigh Hood和Don Olson贡献了他们在生物和化学建模方面的专业知识，Julian McCreary贡献了他在该地区物理过程的建模经验。因此，每个首席研究员在整个研究工作中都发挥着重要的作用。在这项工作中，研究人员将测试有关控制阿拉伯海生物地球化学通量的因素的基本假设。该地区因其强烈的季风强迫和大的季节振荡而被选为美国四个JGOFS过程研究之一，并且该项目确实获得了四个研究中最完整的碳循环季节和空间分辨率。这些野外观测与同步ONR测量、历史数据和新的卫星海洋颜色观测相结合，为开发能够在广泛的海洋条件下实际响应的耦合模型提供了理想的数据集。因此，研究人员期望这些结果可以很容易地推广到世界海洋的其他地区。

McCreary9904690This project outlines three research tasks designed to develop, validate, and improve a biological/chemical /physical model for the Arabian Sea. A focus of the research is to understand the Arabian-Sea carbon cycle, which requires that biological and physical processes be properly represented. To understand a problem of this complexity requires the development of a hierarchy of models that vary in dynamical complexity. The present approach is to begin with a dynamically simple system, to compare its solutions carefully with available data, identify model deficiencies and to develop and test various hypotheses for overcoming them.The investigators initial system will consist of three components: a 51/2-layer physical model, a 4-compartment (NAHD) biological model, and a chemical model that simulates carbon and oxygen cycling. The system has the advantage that it is computationally very efficient. Consequently, the scientists will be able to carry out extensive test runs, and hence can carefully assess the influence of individual processes. Versions of each component model have already proven successful at simulating observations in the Arabian Sea and elsewhere, and this prior success gives the researchers confidence that the coupled system will also produce useful solutions. The initial system will be gradually improved and expanded as the investigators identify deficiencies and modify the model to correct them.The central goal of the U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP) is to synthesize observational data into a set of models that can be used for prediction. Here, the investigators will bring together a group of scientists with the collective expertise necessary to achieve this goal for the Arabian Sea. Specifically, Sharon Smith contributes her knowledge of Arabian Sea biological and chemical fields, Raleigh Hood and Don Olson contribute their expertise in biological and chemical modeling, and Julian McCreary contributes his modeling experience of physical processes in the region. Each Principal Investigator thus performs an important function in the overall research effort.In this effort the researchers will test fundamental hypotheses concerning the factors that control biogeochemical fluxes in the Arabian Sea. This region was selected to be the location of one of the four U.S. JGOFS Process Studies because of its strong monsoonal forcing and large seasonal oscillations, and indeed the project acquired the most complete seasonal and spatial resolution of carbon cycling among the four Studies. These field observations, in combination with concurrent ONR measurements, historical data and new satellite ocean color observations, thus provide an ideal data set for developing a coupled model that can respond realistically under a wide range of oceanic conditions. Consequently, the investigators expect that the results will be readily generalizable to other regions of the World Ocean.