Timing and Time Use

项目摘要本《基于成就的更新》中描述的项目研究了活动时间安排的经济学问题，从而扩展了PI早期对市场工作时间安排的研究。每一项人类活动都附有一个指标，说明它何时发生，消耗了多少，在哪里完成。可以预期，时间会因个人和国际而异，其方式可以从时间价值、婚姻状况和生命周期阶段的差异中预测出来。这一观察导致了设计模型的构建，以审查诸如："启动"成本的作用及其对活动发生率和持续时间的影响;"常规"的性质及其在个人和社会中的变化;婚姻分享的重要性以及在活动时间方面从婚姻中获得的收益。在每种情况下，这种行为都会改变我们对家庭间差异的推断，经济福利。该项目将使用来自美国和其他四个国家的时间预算数据分析这些和其他方面的时间安排，并在数据允许的情况下进行国际比较。调查结果将首次对活动的时间安排进行人口统计。更重要的是，他们将允许测试假设的时间使用在一个瞬间的情况下，而不是integrativecontext的特点，所有以前的实证工作。

PROJECT SUMMARYThe projects described in this Accomplishment-Based Renewal examine issues in the economics of the timing of activities and thus extend the PI's earlier research on the timing of market work. To every human activity is attached an index of when it occurs as well as how much of it is consumed and where it is accomplished. Timing can be expected to vary across individuals and internationally in ways that are predictable from differences in the value of time, marital status, and stages of the life cycle. This observation leads to the construction of models designed to examine such things as: The role of "start-up" costs and their implications for the incidence and duration of activities; the nature of "routine" and its variations across individuals and societies; the importance of marital sharing and the gains from marriage in the area of timing of activities.In each case the behavior modifies our inferences about interhousehold differences in economic welfare. The project will analyze these and other aspects of timing using time-budget data from the U.S. and four other countries, with international comparisons wherever the data allow. The results will provide the first demographic accounting of the timing of activities. More importantly, they will allow testing hypotheses about time use in an instantaneous context, as opposed to the integrativecontext that has characterized all previous empirical work.