Collaborative Research: The Development of Spatial Coding

合作研究：空间编码的发展

• 批准号: 9905098
• 负责人: Nora Newcombe
• 金额: $ 35.39万
• 依托单位: Temple University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-01 至 2004-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9905098&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Development; Spatial; Coding

Human beings, like all organisms that move in the world, must rememberthe location of objects and goals in order to live successfully. Unlikeother organisms, human beings can learn about locations bothsymbolically and through direct experience. The goal of this researchprogram is to understand the development of spatial competence.Recent work has shown that many spatial skills arise earlier indevelopment than had hitherto been supposed. However, early success mayreflect the use of simple processes, different from mature coding,rather than innate specification of spatial competence. Three sets ofstudies will be carried out to address this general issue. In one lineof work, the focus is on the nature of infant location coding asinferred from their looking times to events. In a second line of work,the aim is to evaluate a recent claim that children show evidence of aninnately-specified "geometric module" in their searches for hiddenobjects. The third line of work will examine how children use simplemaps to find hidden objects.Finding evidence for developmental transformations in spatialdevelopment as well as for strong initial starting points is importanttheoretically, as it provides support for a position in which biologicalspecification and environmental interaction interact to producedevelopment. In practical terms, support for such a position wouldindicate that certain environmental experiences may be necessary fornormal development, and could even be manipulated to allow optimaldevelopment.

人类就像世界上所有移动的有机体一样，必须记住物体和目标的位置才能成功地生活。与其他生物不同，人类可以通过象征性的方式和直接的经验来了解地点。这个研究项目的目标是了解空间能力的发展。最近的研究表明，许多空间技能在发展过程中出现的时间比迄今所认为的更早。然而，早期的成功可能反映了简单过程的使用，不同于成熟的编码，而不是天生的空间能力规范。为解决这一一般性问题，将开展三组研究。在一系列工作中，重点放在婴儿位置编码的性质上，这是从他们看事情的时间推断出来的。在第二项工作中，目的是评估最近的一项声称，即儿童在寻找隐藏物体的过程中展示了天生指定的“几何模块”的证据。第三条工作线将研究儿童如何使用简单地图来寻找隐藏的物体。寻找空间发展中的发展变化以及强有力的初始起点的证据在理论上很重要，因为它为生物规范和环境相互作用产生发展的观点提供了支持。在实践中，支持这一立场将表明，某些环境经验可能是正常发展所必需的，甚至可能被操纵以实现最佳发展。