Development of Instrumentation for Characterization of Ice and Water Clouds

冰云和水云表征仪器的开发

• 批准号: 9977251
• 负责人: John Hallett
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9977251&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Instrumentation; Characterization; Ice; Water

New instruments will be designed and constructed to measure the liquid water and the ice content of atmospheric clouds together with the shape and density of ice particles. The instruments will be deployed in the field both at the earth's surface and in aircraft to characterize clouds from the standpoints of aircraft icing, radiative transfer, and precipitation and thunderstorm processes. Emphasis is on the characterization of mixed-phase clouds, in which ice crystals and liquid drops coexist. The cloud probe collects either ice and water or ice alone, depending on the configuration of the collector. The precipitation probe collects particles at the stagnation point of a forward-facing sapphire window and records their images on a video camera. Both instruments work on the principle of particle collection on a surface maintained at constant temperature. The power required to hold the temperature steady is proportional to the latent heat of vaporization of the collected material, and hence the particle mass per unit volume of air. These instruments will be applied to investigations of chemical, radiative, and electrical processes in the little-studied mixed-phase regions of clouds.

将设计和建造新的仪器来测量大气云中的液态水和冰含量，以及冰粒的形状和密度。这些仪器将部署在地面和飞机上，从飞机结冰、辐射传输、降水和雷暴过程的角度描述云的特征。重点是混合相云的特征，在混合相云中，冰晶和液滴共存。云探测器要么收集冰和水，要么只收集冰，这取决于收集器的配置。降水探测器在朝前的蓝宝石窗的停滞点收集颗粒，并将它们的图像记录在摄像机上。这两种仪器的工作原理都是在保持恒温的表面上收集颗粒。保持温度稳定所需的功率与收集到的材料的汽化潜热成正比，从而与单位体积空气中的颗粒质量成正比。这些仪器将用于研究很少被研究的云的混合相区的化学、辐射和电过程。