COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Laboratory Simulation of Lightning and Dusty Plasmas

合作研究：闪电和尘埃等离子体的实验室模拟

• 批准号: 0082725
• 负责人: John Hallett
• 金额: $ 62.4万
• 依托单位: Nevada System of Higher Education
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-15 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0082725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Laboratory; Simulation; Lightning

(In collaboration with EPS 00-80862)Scientists at the Desert Research Institute (Atmospheric Sciences); University of Nevada, Reno (Department of Physics, High Energy Density Science Group), and the School of Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma will collaborate to design and construct a system to simulate and study, in the laboratory, electrical discharges through atmospheres containing cloud and aerosol particles over a wide range of terrestrial and also extraterrestrial conditions. Lightning, as an electrical discharge, occurs through the atmosphere in and above thunderstorms, in volcanic eruptions and in clouds of other planets, notably Jupiter. The system will also be well suited to study certain industrial processes for producing and modifying aerosol (such as diamond) and the technology of protection from lightning strikes to spacecraft launch vehicles and electrical transmission systems. It will have a high voltage capability, up to one million volts, with a discharge current of up to 100,000 amps through a cubic meter laboratory cloud chamber with controlled gas composition, pressure, temperature and relative humidity and will be capable of being filled with particulate clouds of both volatile materials, such as water droplets and ice crystals, as well as aerosol of low volatility, such as certain minerals and alkali halides. The electrical system will consist of a Marx bank parallel - series arrangement of capacitors together with additional elements, with capability for control of voltage, current and current rise and fall time. The chamber will carry appropriate feed-throughs and electrodes for direct discharge and an inductive loop to give an electrode-less ring discharge. The time constants of current rise and fall (on the order of 100 nanoseconds and 10 microseconds, respectively) will be controlled to give direct simulation of atmospheric and other processes. Measurements will be made of the form and speed of the discharge using a streak camera and gated optical detectors. The role of particulates of different size, shape and composition as they relate to changes in trace gas composition will be investigated and emissivity/absorption measurements in selected visible, UV and x-ray wavelengths will also be performed. The chamber will be designed with internal sensors and appropriate transmission windows for external laser diagnostics. The utility of the system will be demonstrated in the second year through initial studies of the leading discharge tip through ice and water cloud interfaces and in the rate of NOx production, both of which are current scientific issues in atmospheric science.

(In与EPS 00-80862合作）沙漠研究所的科学家（大气科学）;内华达州大学，里诺（物理系，高能量密度科学组），和俄克拉荷马州大学气象学院将合作设计和构建一个系统，在实验室中模拟和研究，在地球和地外的各种条件下，通过含有云和气溶胶粒子的大气的放电。 闪电，作为一种放电，发生在雷暴中和雷暴上方的大气层中，火山爆发和其他行星的云层中，特别是木星。 该系统还将非常适合于研究生产和改变气溶胶（如金刚石）的某些工业过程以及航天器运载火箭和电力传输系统的雷击防护技术。 它将具有高达100万伏的高压能力，通过一个立方米的实验室云室的放电电流高达100 000安培，该云室具有受控的气体成分、压力、温度和相对湿度，并将能够充满水滴和冰晶等挥发性物质的微粒云以及低挥发性气溶胶，例如某些矿物质和碱金属卤化物。 电气系统将包括电容器的马克思组并联-串联布置以及附加元件，具有控制电压、电流和电流上升和下降时间的能力。 该室将携带用于直接放电的适当的馈电线和电极以及用于产生无电极环形放电的感应回路。 将控制电流上升和下降的时间常数（分别为100纳秒和10微秒），以直接模拟大气和其他过程。 将使用条纹照相机和选通光学探测器测量放电的形式和速度。 将研究不同大小、形状和组成的微粒在痕量气体组成变化中的作用，并在选定的可见光、紫外线和X射线波长中进行发射率/吸收率测量。 腔室将设计有内部传感器和适当的传输窗口，用于外部激光诊断。 该系统的效用将在第二年通过对通过冰和水云界面的主要排放尖端以及氮氧化物产生率的初步研究加以证明，这两者都是大气科学中当前的科学问题。