CAREER: Laboratory Studies on the Chemical Characterization of Atmospheric Emission Sources and their Oxidative Evolution using Novel Instrumentation

1554061威廉排放到大气中的污染物有各种各样的自然和人为来源。这些污染物几乎立即经历氧化老化过程，改变其分子组成，最终影响其命运。蒸汽和颗粒污染物，无论是直接排放的还是由大气光化学形成的，都对健康产生有害影响，并能改变气候。这个拟议中的项目将特别关注构成空气和颗粒物污染主要部分的有机化合物。为了了解特定排放源对健康和气候的影响，有必要将这些污染物分配到它们的来源。该项目将致力于改进测量方法和重点实验室研究，以获得特定源气体和颗粒在大气中氧化演变过程中的详细化学成分。该项目的主要目标是通过(1)创建用于气体和颗粒化学表征的新型原位仪器，(2)对从简单前体蒸汽到现实复杂源的排放和气体到颗粒形成途径/潜力的受控实验室研究，(3)开发开放获取和可搜索的质谱和源轮廓数据库，促进对排放到大气中的有机物的来源和转化的理解。(4)综合教育和推广活动，包括为本科生提供学术/行业研究体验项目，并作为同侪指导管道项目的一部分，直接参与6-12年级学生的研究。目前对自然和人为排放源释放的化学物质的了解是有限的，而对这些化学物质在大气中随后发生的化学转化的了解则更加有限。在本项目结束时，将可获得用于模型模拟和用于在分子和化合物级别上对挥发性和极性分辨源特定化学成分进行现场观察解释的度量。此外，将为不同浓度的各种大气氧化剂（如OH、O3、NO3）和各种来源（如具有不同挥发性和化学功能的单一气体、简单混合物、复杂真实来源）提供新的参数化、反应机制和气体-颗粒气溶胶产生量，并考虑到其他大气变量（如NOx和SO2添加量、种子颗粒类型和湿度水平）。将生产新的仪器，扩展这些排放物的化学特性，跨越一系列挥发性（从最易挥发的气体到最易挥发的冷凝相材料），为这些材料的特定大气转化途径和命运提供新的见解。大气科学与技术的一个新的学术/行业研究经验项目将为本科生提供在这两种环境中工作的机会，通过第一手经验帮助指导他们的职业道路。这将加强学术/行业联系，推动该领域的发展。此外，6-12年级的学生将通过同侪指导管道项目在实验室研究中发挥直接作用。

1554061WilliamsPollutants emitted to the atmosphere have a wide array of natural and anthropogenic origins. These pollutants almost immediately undergo oxidative aging processes that transform their molecular composition, ultimately influencing their fate. Vapor and particle pollutants, either emitted directly or formed from atmospheric photochemistry, have detrimental health impacts and can alter the climate. This proposed project will specifically look at organic compounds which comprise a major fraction of air and particulate pollution. To understand the health and climate impacts of specific emission sources, it is necessary to assign these pollutants to their sources of origin. This project will address improved measurement methods and focused laboratory studies to obtain detailed chemical composition of source-specific gases and particles as they undergo oxidative evolution in the atmosphere.The primary goal of this project is to advance the understanding of the sources and transformation of organics emitted to the atmosphere through (1) creation of new in-situ instrumentation for chemical characterization of gases and particles, (2) controlled laboratory studies of the emissions and gas-to-particle formation pathways/potential from simple precursor vapors to realistic complex sources, (3) development of an open-access and searchable mass spectral and source profile database, and (4) integrated education and outreach activities including an academia/industry research experience program for undergraduates and direct research involvement from grade 6-12 students as part of a Peer Mentoring Pipeline Program. The current understanding of the chemicals released from natural and anthropogenic emission sources is limited, and the knowledge of the subsequent chemical transformations of these chemicals that occur while in the atmosphere is even more limited. At the conclusion of this project, metrics will be available for incorporation in model simulations and for field observation interpretation on volatility- and polarity-resolved source-specific chemical composition at the molecular and compound-class level. Additionally, new parameterizations, reaction mechanisms, and gas-to-particle aerosol production yields will be provided for a variety atmospheric oxidants (e.g., OH, O3, NO3) at different concentrations, for a variety of sources (e.g., single gases of differing volatilities and chemical functionality, simple mixtures, complex real sources), with consideration of other atmospheric variables (e.g., NOx and SO2 additions, seed particle types, and humidity levels). New instrumentation will be produced that extends chemical characterization of these emissions across a range of volatilities (from the most volatile gases to the least volatile condensed-phase material), offering new insights on specific atmospheric transformation pathways and fates of these materials. A new academia/industry research experience program in Atmospheric Science and Technology will offer undergraduate students an opportunity to work in both settings, helping to guide their career paths through first-hand experience. This will strengthen academic/industry connections and advance the field. In addition, grade 6-12 students will play a direct role in laboratory studies through the Peer Mentoring Pipeline Program.