RNA Transport

RNA运输

• 批准号: 9985627
• 负责人: Mary Lou King
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: University of Miami School of Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-04-01 至 2004-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9985627&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RNA; Transport

King9985627RNA localization is a powerful strategy that can be used to localizeproteins to subcellular domains and to control protein synthesis regionally. Ingerm cells, RNA targeting has profound implications for development, setting up localconcentrations of regulatory proteins that establish regional fates in the developing embryo. The cellular mechanisms that select and transport RNAs are likely to be conserved, even across widely disparate species. In fact, it has been shown that yeast localizes RNA encoding cell-fate determinants to the distal tip of daughter buds, suggesting this mechanism is ancient . Recent evidence suggests that selection for transport may be initiated in the nucleus. However, with few exceptions, the identities of the interacting proteins involved in RNA selection, translational regulation and corticalanchoring are unknown. Understanding how RNAs are localized represents a central problem in both cell and developmental biology.In order to study the mechanism of RNA localization, Dr. King has isolated and characterized seven mRNAs localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes. Two localization pathways were identified that operate during oogenesis to target RNAs to the vegetal cortex. Based on the identities of these seven RNAs, Dr. King has suggested that the early pathway evolved to specifically localize germ cell determinants whereas the late pathway serves to localize RNAs involved in embryonic development. This proposal will focus on analyzing an RNA, that is a member of the early pathway and a component of the germinal granules (13, 19, 23, 55) as well as VegT RNA, a representative of the late pathway. VegT encodes a transcription factor that plays an essential role in patterning the three primary germ layers in the embryo.Controlling when and where genes are expressed is essential for the development of multicellular organisms. One strategy is to transcribe the DNA to RNA which is then localized. Later translation of this RNA into protein begins appropriate cell differentiation. Dr. Kings work will focus on how this mechanism maybe utilized to establish three tissue layers in the vertebrate embryo.

King9985627RNA定位是一种强大的策略，可用于将蛋白质定位到亚细胞结构域并控制区域蛋白质合成。在胚芽细胞中，RNA靶向对发育具有深远的影响，在发育中的胚胎中建立局部浓度的调节蛋白，从而确定区域命运。选择和运输rna的细胞机制可能是保守的，即使在广泛不同的物种中也是如此。事实上，已经证明酵母将编码细胞命运决定因素的RNA定位到子芽的远端，这表明这种机制是古老的。最近的证据表明，转运的选择可能是从细胞核开始的。然而，除了少数例外，参与RNA选择、翻译调控和皮质锚定的相互作用蛋白的身份是未知的。了解rna如何定位是细胞生物学和发育生物学的一个核心问题。为了研究RNA定位的机制，King博士分离并鉴定了7个定位于爪蟾卵母细胞植物皮质的mrna。在卵发生过程中，确定了两种定位途径，将rna靶向到植物皮层。基于这7种rna的特性，King博士提出，早期途径进化为特异性定位生殖细胞决定因子，而晚期途径则定位参与胚胎发育的rna。本提案将重点分析一种RNA，它是早期途径的成员，也是生发颗粒的组成部分（13,19,23,55），以及VegT RNA，它是晚期途径的代表。VegT编码的转录因子在胚胎的三个主要胚层的模式中起着至关重要的作用。控制基因表达的时间和地点对多细胞生物的发育至关重要。一种策略是将DNA转录成RNA，然后进行定位。随后将这种RNA翻译成蛋白质，开始适当的细胞分化。金博士的工作将集中在如何利用这种机制在脊椎动物胚胎中建立三个组织层。