Collaborative Research: The Clustering of U.S. Business Enterprises in the 1990s

合作研究：20世纪90年代美国企业的集群

• 批准号: 9986561
• 负责人: Stuart Sweeney
• 金额: $ 6.99万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9986561&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Clustering; U.S.; Business

This project will utilize confidential enterprise-level data for the contiguous U.S. and point process modeling techniques to document basic trends in clustering of U.S. businesses between 1989 and 1999 (by sector, degree of technology intensity, size, etc.). The project will investigate whether enterprises cluster to take advantage of key externalities postulated in the scientific and policy literatures. In addition to a suite of descriptive spatial analysis techniques, the study uses two complementary methodologies, D-functions and spatial duration models, that employ case-control designs to isolate spillover effects from other factors influencing clustering. The study will explore whether clustering related to spillovers, at least in some industries or groups of industries, appears to be strengthening or weakening during the 1990s.A growing number of federal, state, and local economic development policy initiatives are premised on, or attempt to leverage, specific advantages enterprises gain from locating in close spatial proximity. Such policy initiatives include industry clusters, technology transfer, and business network programs. At the same time, other public policies and programs anticipate that, in the information age, telecommunications technologies make the geographic concentration of business establishments less necessary. The scientific and theoretical literature is undecided on whether geographic concentration is a less important strategic consideration for businesses today than in earlier industrial eras. This project will inform scientific and policy debates by providing important baseline empirical information about clustering in different U.S. sectors during the 1990s.

该项目将利用美国本土的机密企业级数据和点流程建模技术来记录 1989 年至 1999 年间美国企业集群的基本趋势（按部门、技术密集程度、规模等）。 该项目将调查企业集群是否可以利用科学和政策文献中假设的关键外部性。 除了一套描述性空间分析技术之外，该研究还使用了两种互补的方法，即 D 函数和空间持续时间模型，它们采用病例对照设计来隔离影响聚类的其他因素的溢出效应。 该研究将探讨 20 世纪 90 年代，与溢出效应相关的集群（至少在某些行业或行业群体中）似乎正在加强还是减弱。越来越多的联邦、州和地方经济发展政策举措以企业因地理位置紧密而获得的特定优势为前提，或试图利用这些优势。 这些政策举措包括产业集群、技术转让和商业网络计划。 与此同时，其他公共政策和计划预计，在信息时代，电信技术使得商业机构的地理集中不再必要。 对于今天的企业来说，与早期工业时代相比，地理集中度是否是一个不太重要的战略考虑因素，科学和理论文献尚未确定。 该项目将通过提供有关 20 世纪 90 年代美国不同行业集群的重要基准经验信息，为科学和政策辩论提供信息。