Investigations of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Strain Accumulation at the Sumatra Subduction Zone from Continuous GPS Measurements

通过连续 GPS 测量研究苏门答腊俯冲带应变积累的时空变化

• 批准号: 0001090
• 负责人: Yehuda Bock
• 金额: $ 5.61万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2001-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0001090&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigations; Spatial; Temporal; Variations; Strain

Bock 0001090 The west coast of Sumatra and the Mentawai Islands offer a unique opportunity to study the process of strain accumulation and release along the Sumatran fault and subduction zone. Two giant historical earthquakes (1833 and 1861) suggest that infrequent very-large earthquakes dominate strain relief at the Sumatra subduction zone. The Sumatran fault has also been known to produce several Mw7 earthquakes. GPS measurements collected from 1989 to 1993 revealed the spatial distribution of surface deformation, suggesting that the subduction interface is completely locked along the source region of the 1833 giant earthquake, but is only partially locked along the source region of the 1861 event. The data have also resulted in slip rate estimates for several segments of the Sumatran fault. The investigators plan to conduct campaign-style surveys at approximately fifty of their established GPS monuments on Sumatra and the Mentawai islands. The new measurements from these sites will be analyzed in conjunction with their earlier data to obtain an updated, time-averaged velocity field for the Sumatra forearc and one segment of the Sumatran fault. With this analysis they hope to resolve two important questions about the Sumatran fault and subduction zone. First, they hope to determine whether the strain segmentation of the Sumatran subduction zone observed by the 1989-1994 measurements is a long-term signal, or if it was a transient effect caused by, for example, an aseismic slip event. The second question they hope to resolve is the slip rate for the Sumatran fault segment located about 1 S. Their current estimate of the slip rate there is 235 mm/yr, considerably larger than the 11 mm/yr estimated from stream offsets. This is a collaborative proposal between UCSD's Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and the Indonesian National Coordination Agency for Surveying and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL).

苏门答腊西海岸和明打威群岛为研究沿苏门答腊断层和俯冲带的应变积累和释放过程提供了一个独特的机会。历史上两次大地震（1833年和1861年）表明，罕见的特大地震主导了苏门答腊俯冲带的应变应变。苏门答腊断层也曾发生过几次里氏7级地震。1989年至1993年的GPS测量数据揭示了地表变形的空间分布，表明俯冲界面沿1833年大地震的震源区完全锁定，但仅沿1861年大地震的震源区部分锁定。这些数据还对苏门答腊断层的几段滑动率进行了估计。调查人员计划在苏门答腊岛和明打威群岛上大约50个他们建立的GPS纪念碑上进行活动式的调查。这些地点的新测量结果将与之前的数据相结合进行分析，以获得苏门答腊前弧和苏门答腊断层一段的最新时间平均速度场。通过这一分析，他们希望解决关于苏门答腊断层和俯冲带的两个重要问题。首先，他们希望确定1989-1994年观测到的苏门答腊俯冲带的应变分割是一个长期信号，还是由地震滑动事件等引起的短暂影响。他们希望解决的第二个问题是苏门答腊断裂带的滑动速率。他们目前估计的滑动速率为235毫米/年，远远大于从流偏移量估计的11毫米/年。这是加州大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯海洋学研究所（SIO）和印度尼西亚国家测绘协调机构（BAKOSURTANAL）之间的合作提案。