Prototype Investigations into Integrated GPS/Seismic Networks for Improved Finite Fault Slip Modeling and Earthquake Characterization

用于改进有限断层滑移建模和地震表征的集成 GPS/地震网络原型研究

• 批准号: 1252186
• 负责人: Yehuda Bock
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-15 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1252186&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Prototype; Investigations; into; Integrated; GPS

Recent great earthquakes and ensuing tsunamis in Sumatra, Chile and Japan have demonstrated the need for accurate ground displacements that fully characterize the great amplitudes and broad dynamic range associated with these vast, complex ruptures. Our ability to model these events, whether in real-time or after the fact, is limited by the weaknesses of both seismic and geodetic networks. Geodetic instruments provide the static component as well as coarse dynamic motions but are much less precise than seismic instruments, especially in the vertical direction. Seismic instruments, in turn, provide exceptionally-sensitive dynamic motions but typically have difficulty recovering unbiased near-field static offsets and low-frequency motions because of contamination, for example, from instrument tilt. This three-year project is demonstrating a new paradigm for studying the processes of large earthquakes and the hazards they pose. Accurate three-dimensional seismogeodetic waveforms (broadband displacements and velocities) that span the full spectrum of seismic motion will be achieved through integration of geodetic and seismic measurements instrumentation developed at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The main science objectives are to improve finite-fault slip inversions through the optimal combination of geodetic and seismic data at the observational level and to investigate appropriate methodologies to perform full waveform inversions using the resulting data. With UNAVCO engineers, a test bed of integrated GPS/seismic stations is being established at existing real-time Plate Boundary Observatory stations along the southern San Andreas fault system as a prototype for further expansion along the Western North America plate margin. The stations are being upgraded with low-cost MEMS accelerometers and a Geodetic Module that will synchronize the GPS and accelerometer data and estimate seismogeodetic displacements and velocities.The project is installing and testing seismic upgrades to existing GPS monitoring stations for improved response to and modeling and understanding of large earthquakes and ensuing tsunamis, such as recent ones in Sumatra, Chile and Japan. The broader impacts of this project are significant in terms of scientific value, engineering infrastructure, civilian use, and economic impact, and are related for the most part to the real-time nature and capabilities of enhanced GPS/seismic monitoring. The new observations contribute directly to natural hazards research and early warning systems for earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis, to atmospheric research including short-term weather forecasting and related flooding hazards, and to earthquake engineering research for large structures (e.g., bridges, buildings, dams). The ultimate goal is to save lives and minimize damage to essential infrastructure. The new observations also contribute to civilian applications requiring precise real-time positioning (e.g., surveying, geographic information systems, agriculture) and hence to economic stimulus. Finally, the project supports collaborative and interdisciplinary research, education of technologically sophisticated graduate students, strengthening of diversity in support of workforce development, and enhancement of curricula at a variety of levels through engagement new types of data sets that have direct societal impact.

最近在苏门答腊，智利和日本发生的大地震和随之而来的海啸证明了需要准确的地面位移，这些位移充分表征了与这些巨大，复杂的破裂相关的巨大幅度和广泛的动态范围。我们对这些事件进行建模的能力，无论是实时还是事实之后，都受地震和地球网络的弱点的限制。地球仪器提供静态组件和粗糙的动态运动，但与地震仪器相比，尤其是在垂直方向上的精确性要精确得多。反过来，地震仪器提供了异常敏感的动态运动，但通常很难恢复无偏见的近场静态偏移和低频运动，例如由于仪器倾斜而污染。这个为期三年的项目正在展示一个新的范式，用于研究大地震及其构成危害的过程。 通过整合在Scripps海洋学体系中开发的地震和地震测量仪器，将实现跨越整个地震运动的准确三维地震地球形波形（宽带位移和速度）。主要的科学目标是通过在观察层的地震数据和地震数据的最佳组合来改善有限的失误反转，并研究适当的方法，以使用所得数据执行完整的波形反转。借助UNAVCO工程师，正在San Andreas断层系统沿着现有的实时板块边界站点建立了一个集成的GPS/地震站的测试床，作为沿西部北美板块边缘进一步扩展的原型。该站正在使用低成本的MEMS加速度计和地球模块进行升级，该模块将同步GPS和加速度计数据并估算地震地球地球地球地球地球位移和速度。该项目正在安装和测试地震升级，以对现有的GPS升级，以改善对大型地震的响应，并了解大型地震，并了解大型地震，并了解大型地震，并了解大型地震，并了解大型地震，并在建模和模型中，并了解大型地震效果 日本。该项目的更广泛影响在科学价值，工程基础设施，平民使用和经济影响方面具有重要意义，并且在很大程度上与增强的GPS/地震监测的实时性质和能力有关。新的观察结果直接有助于自然危害研究和地震，火山和海啸的预警系统，包括大气研究，包括短期天气预报和相关的洪水危害，以及大型结构的地震工程研究（例如，桥梁，建筑物，建筑物，大坝）。最终目标是挽救生命并最大程度地减少对基本基础设施的损害。新的观察结果还促进了需要精确的实时定位（例如，测量，地理信息系统，农业）的平民应用，因此有助于经济刺激。最后，该项目支持合作和跨学科的研究，对技术成熟的研究生的教育，增强支持劳动力发展的多样性以及通过参与通过参与的新型数据集在各种层面上增强课程的多样性。