GLOBEC Collaborative Research: Effects of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Zooplankton Populations in the California Current System Using Coupled Biophysical Models

加州海流系统（CCS）由于其高浮游植物生产力的风力驱动的循环模式，带来营养？丰富的沃茨流到地表。初级生产力的高比率通过浮游动物的高次级生产力转化为上层鱼类的高生物量，如鳕鱼，鳕鱼和鲑鱼。此外，高初级和次级生产力的空间格局是异质的，似乎与中尺度物理结构密切相关（例如，细丝、射流和涡流）。使用一系列的物理/生态系统/浮游动物模型，本研究将探讨复杂的物理和生物过程（昼夜垂直迁移和增长效率）的相互作用，在CCS的季节性和年际时间？鳞片主要的哲水蚤桡足类（例如，Calanus pacificus和Metridia pacifica）和磷虾类物种（例如，太平洋磷虾和Thysanoessa spinifera），代表初级生产和鲑鱼种群之间的关键联系将得到强调。此外，这些过程的作用将进一步阐明通过与其他生态系统中的相似和不同的动力环境的比较研究，本研究的目标是解决以下问题：环流场如何影响主要CCS浮游动物物种，如C。pacificus，M. pacifica、E. pacifica和T. spinifera？ 这些物种的行为和生物能量差异如何与环流场、猎物分布和温度相互作用，从而影响它们的相对种群成功？ 当地环境的年际变化（例如，从大？尺度的大气或海洋波动）修改这些分布和主要的CCS浮游动物物种的相对成功？ CC/浮游动物系统的物理和生物方面与其他油井相比如何？研究的生态系统，包括GLOBEC特别感兴趣的生态系统（例如，乔治银行，阿拉斯加湾，南大洋）？本研究的结果将包括发达的生态系统和浮游动物模型，应用于区域和流域？循环模型将在与CCS过程研究密切相关的季节性和现实地表强迫下分析耦合系统。此外，一个比较综合的物理和生物耦合在这个和其他好？全球生态系统研究将开始。

The California Current System (CCS) owes its high phytoplankton productivity to wind-driven circulation patterns that bring nutrient?rich waters to the surface. These high rates of primary productivity are translated via high zooplankton secondary productivity, into high biomass of epipelagic fishes such as anchovies, hake, and salmon. Further, spatial patterns of high primary and secondary productivity are heterogeneous and appear to be closely linked to mesoscale physical structures (e.g., filaments, jets, and eddies). Using a series of linked physical/ecosystern/zooplankton models, this study will examine the complex interaction of physical and biological processes (diel vertical migration and growth efficiency) in the CCS on seasonal and interannual time?scales. Major calanoid copepods (e.g., Calanus pacificus and Metridia pacifica) and euphausiid species (e.g., Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) that represent critical linkages between primary production and salmon populations will be emphasized. In addition, the roles of these processes will be further illuminated through comparative studies with other ecosystems located within both similar and dissimilar dynamical environments.The goal of this study is to address the following questions: How does the circulation field impact the distribution and population success of major CCS zooplankton species such as C. pacificus, M. pacifica, E. pacifica, and T. spinifera? How do the behavioral and bioenergetic differences of these species interact with the circulation field, prey distribution and temperature to influence their relative population success? How does the interannual variability of the local environment (e.g., from large?scale atmospheric or oceanic fluctuations) modify these distributions and relative success of major CCS zooplankton species? How do physical and biological aspects of the CC/Zooplankton System compare to other well?studied ecosystems including those of particular interest to GLOBEC (e.g., Georges Bank, Gulf of Alaska, and Southern Ocean)?The results of this study will include the developed ecosystem and zooplankton models, applied within regional and basin?scale circulation models. The coupled systems will be analyzed under seasonal and realistic surface forcing closely tied to CCS process studies. Furthermore, a comparative synthesis of physical and biological coupling within this and other well?studied GLOBEC ecosystems will begin.