GLOBEC Collaborative Research: Effects of Seasonal and Interannual Variability on Zooplankton Populations in the California Current System Using Coupled Biophysical Models

加州洋流系统（CCS）将其高浮游植物生产力归功于风驱动的环流模式，它带来了营养？丰富的水到地表。这些高初级生产力通过高浮游动物次级生产力转化为高生物量的上层鱼类，如凤尾鱼、鳕鱼和鲑鱼。此外，高初级生产力和高次级生产力的空间格局是异质性的，似乎与中尺度物理结构（如细丝、射流和漩涡）密切相关。本研究将利用一系列相互关联的物理/生态系统/浮游动物模型，在季节和年际时间尺度上研究CCS中物理和生物过程（dieel垂直迁移和生长效率）的复杂相互作用。将着重介绍在初级生产和鲑鱼种群之间具有重要联系的主要花青鱼类桡足类（如太平洋花青鱼和太平洋花青鱼）和花青鱼类（如太平洋花青鱼和刺叶花青鱼）。此外，这些过程的作用将通过与位于相似和不同动态环境中的其他生态系统的比较研究进一步阐明。本研究的目的是解决以下问题：环流场如何影响CCS主要浮游动物物种如太平洋c.p ificus、太平洋m.p ifica、太平洋e.p ifica和spinifera的分布和种群成功？这些物种的行为和生物能量差异如何与循环场、猎物分布和温度相互作用，从而影响它们的相对种群成功？当地环境的年际变率(例如，从大？尺度大气或海洋波动)改变这些分布和主要的CCS浮游动物物种的相对成功？与其他井相比，CC/浮游动物系统的物理和生物方面如何？是否研究过生态系统，包括对GLOBEC特别感兴趣的生态系统（如乔治滩、阿拉斯加湾和南大洋）？本研究的结果将包括已开发的生态系统和浮游动物模型，应用于区域和流域？尺度循环模型。耦合系统将在与CCS过程研究密切相关的季节性和现实地表强迫下进行分析。此外，该井和其他井之间的物理和生物耦合的比较综合？将开始研究全球生态系统。

The California Current System (CCS) owes its high phytoplankton productivity to wind-driven circulation patterns that bring nutrient?rich waters to the surface. These high rates of primary productivity are translated via high zooplankton secondary productivity, into high biomass of epipelagic fishes such as anchovies, hake, and salmon. Further, spatial patterns of high primary and secondary productivity are heterogeneous and appear to be closely linked to mesoscale physical structures (e.g., filaments, jets, and eddies). Using a series of linked physical/ecosystern/zooplankton models, this study will examine the complex interaction of physical and biological processes (diel vertical migration and growth efficiency) in the CCS on seasonal and interannual time?scales. Major calanoid copepods (e.g., Calanus pacificus and Metridia pacifica) and euphausiid species (e.g., Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) that represent critical linkages between primary production and salmon populations will be emphasized. In addition, the roles of these processes will be further illuminated through comparative studies with other ecosystems located within both similar and dissimilar dynamical environments.The goal of this study is to address the following questions: How does the circulation field impact the distribution and population success of major CCS zooplankton species such as C. pacificus, M. pacifica, E. pacifica, and T. spinifera? How do the behavioral and bioenergetic differences of these species interact with the circulation field, prey distribution and temperature to influence their relative population success? How does the interannual variability of the local environment (e.g., from large?scale atmospheric or oceanic fluctuations) modify these distributions and relative success of major CCS zooplankton species? How do physical and biological aspects of the CC/Zooplankton System compare to other well?studied ecosystems including those of particular interest to GLOBEC (e.g., Georges Bank, Gulf of Alaska, and Southern Ocean)?The results of this study will include the developed ecosystem and zooplankton models, applied within regional and basin?scale circulation models. The coupled systems will be analyzed under seasonal and realistic surface forcing closely tied to CCS process studies. Furthermore, a comparative synthesis of physical and biological coupling within this and other well?studied GLOBEC ecosystems will begin.