Dissertation: Water Resource Management by the Ancient Maya of Yucatan, Mexico

论文：墨西哥尤卡坦古玛雅人的水资源管理

• 批准号: 0003281
• 负责人: Heather McKillop
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-11-01 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0003281&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Water; Resource; Management; Ancient

Under the direction of Dr. Heather McKillop, Mr. Terance Winemiller will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will conduct archaeological survey, mapping, excavation, and surface collections at 22 Maya sites located throughout northern Yucatan, Mexico. From the earliest ancient Maya occupation of the Yucatan Peninsula to the development of cities, the scarcity of surface water was a fundamental consideration in locational decisions. Environmental conditions commonly cited as factors that limit dispersal of human populations and stimulate centralization, such as extreme aridity, are not characteristic of the region. Several scholars have related the seasonality and scarcity of water with centralization and the rise of Maya civilization on the peninsula. Mr. Winemiller constructs a spatial predictive tool using existing site reports, maps, satellite imagery, air photos, the latest geographical information systems technology, and locational statistics to test whether Wittfogel's hydraulic society model and Carneiro's circumscription model account for the appearance of centralized elite administrative centers in an environment where other models predict widely dispersed small-scale settlements. By design, the study takes advantage of a large body of published data pertaining to this research. The project, a regional settlement pattern study, includes five operational goals: collection of existing data housed in INAH regional offices; verification of spatial data recorded on existing site maps, and collecting GPS coordinates for principal architecture and water management features at 12 upper-ranked sites; intensive surveys of nine upper-ranked sites one from each of nine physiographic districts in the region including interpretation of air photos, satellite imagery, and geological, topographical, and hydrological maps, and GPS site mapping, and develop intrasite resource access and usage models; survey and GPS mapping of nine third or fourth-ranked sites by physiographic district; test by ground survey whether parts of northern Yucatan having no documented settlements but evidence of potential water catchment areas contain cultural features such as the mounded remains of structures, structures, or water-management features. If population growth precipitated the establishment of organizational hierarchies based on control, development, and distribution of water, this research should document recurrent patterns of clustered elite administrative hierarchies around natural sources of water and evidence of public works to divert or store water within the spatial core of cities. Mr. Winemiller's study will ultimately provide academics with a substantive appraisal of water-resource management systems employed by the ancient Maya of northern Yucatan, Mexico. It will also assist in training a promising young scientist.

在石楠麦基洛普博士的指导下，特伦斯·温米勒先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。 他将在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛北方的22个玛雅遗址进行考古调查、绘图、挖掘和表面收集。 从最早的古玛雅人占领尤卡坦半岛到城市的发展，地表水的稀缺是选址决策的一个基本考虑因素。 通常被认为是限制人口分散和刺激集中的因素的环境条件，如极端干旱，并不是该地区的特征。 一些学者将季节性和水资源的稀缺与中央集权和玛雅文明在半岛的兴起联系起来。 Winemiller先生利用现有的现场报告、地图、卫星图像、航空照片、最新的地理信息系统技术和位置统计数据构建了一个空间预测工具，以测试Wittfogel的水力社会模型和Escheriro的边界模型是否解释了集中的精英行政中心在其他模型预测广泛分散的小规模定居点的环境中的出现。 通过设计，这项研究利用了大量与这项研究有关的已发表数据。 该项目是一项区域住区模式研究，包括五个业务目标：收集国家人类学和历史研究所区域办事处保存的现有数据;核实现有场址地图上记录的空间数据，并收集12个高等级场址主要建筑和水管理特征的全球定位系统坐标;对该地区九个自然地理区的九个高等级地点进行了深入调查，包括对航空照片，卫星图像，地质、地形和水文图，以及全球定位系统站点测绘，并开发站点内资源获取和使用模型;按自然地理区对9个第三或第四等级站点进行调查和全球定位系统测绘;通过地面调查测试尤卡坦半岛北方部分地区是否有文化特征，如建筑物的土堆遗迹，结构或水管理功能。 如果说人口增长促使了基于水资源控制、开发和分配的组织等级制度的建立，那么本研究应该记录下围绕自然水源的精英行政等级制度集群的重复模式，以及在城市空间核心内进行引水或蓄水的公共工程的证据。 Winemiller先生的研究最终将为学术界提供一个对墨西哥尤卡坦半岛北方古玛雅人所使用的水资源管理系统的实质性评估。 它还将协助培养一名有前途的青年科学家。