Dissertation: Landscape Learning in the Late Glacial Recolonization of Northwestern Europe

论文：西北欧冰川晚期再殖民中的景观学习

• 批准号: 0003709
• 负责人: Steven Kuhn
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-12-01 至 2001-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0003709&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Landscape; Learning; Late; Glacial

With the support of Dr. Steven Kuhn, Ms. Marcy Rockman will collect and analyze data for her doctoral dissertation. Using the example of the resettlement of northwestern Europe at the end of the last Ice Age, she will study how humans come to know and use natural resources when they can only learn about them from the landscape itself. During the last Ice Age, which dates to approximately 20,000 to 14,000 years ago, the ice sheets reached almost to the location of present-day London and human populations were concentrated in southwestern France and in the central Rhine valley. By the time the ice retreated, the region from the Paris Basin northward through the British Isles had been abandoned for at least 6,000 years. The first humans to re- enter this area had to learn the locations and limitations of the region's natural resources anew, using only their knowledge of landscape from which they had come and their own experiences in the unfamiliar environment. While such colonizations with limited information have taken place many times throughout human history, the actual process by which humans learn a new landscape is not yet well understood. Ms. Rockman's research will develop a means of studying this process and focus closely on the very beginnings of the modern human occupation of northwestern Europe.In this study, the landscape learning process will be studied from the perspective of human discovery and early use of outcrops of chert, a fine-grained rock commonly used to make stone tools in prehistory. Ms. Rockman will collect published stone tool sourcing, radiocarbon date, and other artifact assemblage information from sites dating between approximately 14,000 and 9,500 years ago from England, northern France, and eastern Belgium. Selected extant stone tool collections representing this full time range will be studied in regard to the range of rock and particularly chert types represented. Using the stone tool sourcing information as a guide to specific geological features and areas, Ms. Rockman will take field measurements of the topography of the chert sources. All this data will then be combined in geographic information systems (GIS) analyses. Final interpretations will be made from the characteristics and use patterns of individual chert sources and comparison of the overall complexity of land use across the late glacial and early post-glacial time periods.This project will provide help to explain how humans learn to live in a new place. It will provide a base of both data and method against which archaeologists may test other colonizations. It will serve as an example of the potential of combined archaeological, geological, and computer modeling research, and it will contribute to the interdisciplinary training of a promising young scientist.

在Steven Kuhn博士的支持下，Marcy Rockman女士将为她的博士论文收集和分析数据。 她将以最后一个冰河时代结束时欧洲西北部的重新安置为例，研究人类如何在只能从景观本身了解自然资源的情况下了解和利用自然资源。 在大约20，000至14，000年前的最后一个冰河时代，冰盖几乎达到了今天伦敦的位置，人口集中在法国西南部和莱茵河河谷中部。 到冰层消退时，从巴黎盆地向北穿过不列颠群岛的地区已经被遗弃了至少6,000年。 第一批重新进入这一地区的人类必须重新学习该地区自然资源的位置和局限性，只使用他们对他们所来自的景观的知识和他们自己在陌生环境中的经验。 虽然在人类历史上，这种信息有限的殖民已经发生过多次，但人类学习新景观的实际过程尚未得到很好的理解。 洛克曼女士的研究将开发一种研究这一过程的方法，并密切关注现代人类对西北欧的占领的开始。在这项研究中，景观学习过程将从人类发现和早期使用燧石的角度进行研究，燧石是一种细粒度的岩石，通常用于制造史前石器工具。 洛克曼女士将收集出版的石器来源，放射性碳年代，和其他人工制品组装信息之间的网站约14,000和9,500年前从英格兰，北方法国，和比利时东部。 选择现存的石器收集代表这一完整的时间范围将研究方面的岩石，特别是燧石类型的代表。 洛克曼女士将利用石器来源信息作为具体地质特征和地区的指南，对燧石来源的地形进行实地测量。所有这些数据将被合并到地理信息系统分析中。 最终的解释将从各个硅质岩源的特征和使用模式以及冰川晚期和冰后期早期土地使用的总体复杂性的比较中进行。该项目将有助于解释人类如何学会在一个新的地方生活。 它将为考古学家测试其他殖民地提供数据和方法基础。 它将作为结合考古，地质和计算机建模研究的潜力的一个例子，它将有助于一个有前途的年轻科学家的跨学科培训。