Late Pleistocene Prehistory of the Hatay, Turkey

土耳其哈塔伊人的更新世晚期史前史

• 批准号: 9804722
• 负责人: Steven Kuhn
• 金额: $ 8.15万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-06-15 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9804722&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Late; Pleistocene; Prehistory; Hatay; Turkey

With National Science Foundation support Drs. Steven Kuhn and Mary Stiner will conduct two field seasons of research at three archaeological sites located in the Hatay region of Turkey. Because of its position near the Syrian border, the sites are situated in an important transition zone at the edge of the Middle East. Work by prior excavators, as well as preliminary research at these sites by Kuhn and Stiner indicates that all three contain long sequences of Upper Paleolithic material and that the earliest levels likely exceed 40,000 years in age. This makes them of great anthropological significance. In Europe at approximately 40,000 years ago an important biological and cultural change took place when anatomically modern humans succeeded Neanderthal peoples and an Upper Paleolithic technology characterized by a different more function specific stone tool technology, bone tools and art replaced a more general technological adaptation. In Europe, where archaeological data are abundant, it is fairly clear that replacement rather than in situ development took place. However the point of origin for the Upper Paleolithic industries is unknown and the underlying process which led to their emergence is not understood. Anatomically modern humans are present in the Near East prior to their appearance in Europe and paleoanthropologists have thus focused their attention on this area. It is this fact together with the early dates and presence of bone tools which make the Hatay sites so interesting. Because stratigraphic data indicate that they document long periods of time, it is possible to consider them from the perspective of development as well or origins. The research team will conduct preliminary stratigraphic excavations. They will collect and analyze both the lithic and faunal remains and collect samples for radiometric dating. On this basis a longer term project is planned.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，史蒂芬·库恩博士和玛丽·斯廷纳博士将在土耳其哈塔伊地区的三个考古遗址进行两个实地研究季节。由于其位置靠近叙利亚边境，这些地点位于中东边缘的一个重要过渡区。先前的挖掘者的工作，以及库恩和斯廷纳在这些遗址的初步研究表明，所有三个遗址都包含了旧石器时代晚期物质的长序列，最早的水平可能超过40，000年。这使它们具有重要的人类学意义。在大约40，000年前的欧洲，当解剖学上的现代人接替尼安德特人时，发生了重要的生物和文化变化，并且以不同的功能更具体的石器技术为特征的旧石器时代晚期技术，骨工具和艺术取代了更普遍的技术适应。在考古资料丰富的欧洲，相当清楚的是，发生的是置换而不是原地发展。然而，旧石器时代晚期工业的起源点是未知的，导致其出现的潜在过程也不清楚。从解剖学上讲，现代人在欧洲出现之前就已经出现在近东，因此古人类学家将注意力集中在这一地区。正是这一事实，加上早期的日期和骨工具的存在，使哈塔伊网站如此有趣。由于地层数据表明它们记录了很长一段时间，因此也可以从发展或起源的角度来考虑它们。 研究小组将进行初步的地层挖掘。他们将收集和分析石器和动物遗骸，并收集样品进行放射性测年。在此基础上，制定了一个长期项目。