Testing a Symbolic Interactionist Theory of Deterrence, Informal Social Control, and Delinquency

这个项目发展了一个象征性的互动理论的角色扮演，威慑和犯罪。这一观点是用来整合最近的研究威慑-惩罚的威胁，如逮捕和监禁，以阻止个人犯罪的能力-和研究非正式的社会控制-机构的能力，如家庭，学校和社区，以防止犯罪通过非正式的控制。根据犯罪的符号互动理论，有组织的群体通过角色扮演来控制成员的行为。当正在进行的活动线路被阻塞或中断时，个体会进行认知行为，在这种行为中，他们会考虑他人对行动线路的预期反应，最重要的是从他人的角度看待自己。更具体地说，该项目将解决以下问题。首先，人们是否根据贝叶斯学习模型来学习犯罪的感知成本和回报？在贝叶斯学习模型中，关于成本和回报的先验信念会影响行为，但随后会根据该行为的后果进行修改？第二，违法决策是否遵循有限理性的模型，在这种模型中，行为者是满足的，而不是优化的？一个符号互动主义的决策模型能具体说明违法决策趋向理性的条件吗？第三，是否有特定的条件下，威慑效果出现，可以一个象征性的互动学习模型识别这些条件？第四，通过研究未来的自我报告的犯罪和目前的犯罪意图，我们可以调和不同的研究结果在文献中？该项目将使用两个数据集。全国青年调查和丹佛青年研究。该项目将为我们理解违法决策以及非正式社会控制和正式制裁影响违法行为的方式做出重要贡献。此外，这项研究将对理性决策的基础研究以及旨在通过加强机构而不是投资于警察，法院和监狱来减少犯罪的公共政策产生影响。

This project develops a symbolic interactionist theory of role-taking, deterrence, and delinquency. This perspective is used to integrate recent research on deterrence -- the ability of threats of punishment such as arrest and incarceration to deter individuals from crime -- and research on informal social control -- the ability of institutions, such as families, schools, and communities to prevent crime through informal controls. According to the symbolic interactionist theory of delinquency, organized groups control the behavior of members through role-taking. When ongoing lines of activity are blocked or interrupted, individuals engage in cognitive behavior, in which they consider the anticipated reactions of other to lines of action and most importantly views of self from the standpoint of others. This project, more specifically, will address the following issues. First, do individuals learn perceived costs and returns to crime based on a Bayesian learning model, in which prior beliefs about costs and returns influence behavior, but are then modified based on the consequences of that behavior? Second, do delinquent decisions follow a model of limited rationality, in which actors satisfice, rather than optimize? And can a symbolic interactionist model of decision-making specify the conditions under which delinquent decisions tend toward rationality? Third, are there specific conditions under which deterrent effects appear, and can a symbolic interactionist learning model identify those conditions? Fourth, by examining both future self-reported delinquency and present delinquent intentions, can we reconcile divergent findings in the literature? The project will employ two data sets. The National Youth Survey and the Denver Youth Study. The project will make important contributions to our understanding of delinquent decision-making, and the way in which informal social control and formal sanctioning operate to affect delinquent behavior. Moreover, the research will have implications for basic research on rational decision-making, and public policies intended to reduce crime by strengthening institutions versus investing in police, courts, and prisons.