Dissertation Research: The Gathering of the Clans: Understanding Migration into the Hopi Area, A.D. 1275-1400

在Michelle Hegmon博士的指导下，Wesley Bernardini先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他的研究重点是美国西南部的史前晚期（约1900年）。公元1200年至1400年），并将测试霍皮人的迁移理论。考古学和人种学的数据表明，在这段时间内，广泛的迁移和人口转移发生在亚利桑那州北方的霍皮族地区，霍皮族村庄和人民的分布是在这一时期确定的。贝尔纳迪尼先生希望了解这一进程背后的机制。主流考古学观点认为，这种人口迁移可能发生在一个宏观尺度上，整个村庄的所有个体都集体迁移到一个新的地点，研究人员使用的大多数分析单位都是在这个尺度上定义的。霍皮人的传统本身描绘了一幅不同的画面，描述了一个更加零碎的过程，在这个过程中，一个捐助村庄内的一个非常小的群体将迁移到一个收容地点，而来自同一原籍地的另一个群体（氏族）将迁移到其他地方。因此，东道村庄的异质性很高，距离很近的村庄彼此之间的联系可能比距离更远的村庄之间的联系少。这个问题对于希望了解历史和当今霍皮社会组织的人类学家来说非常重要。Bernardini先生将重点关注从捐赠人口村庄回收的陶瓷的化学分析。先前的研究表明，一种特殊的陶器，“Jeddito黄色陶器”只由霍皮人制造，但随后被广泛交易。在霍皮族地区以外的地区发现了大量的地雷，Bernardini先生假设，这些在移民前建立的贸易关系为移民后来的迁移提供了沿着的通道。分析利用了霍皮族地区的地质变异性。不同霍皮人分区的粘土和回火来源是不同的，通常可以让人们将几十英里外的碎片与生产它的单个村庄相匹配。通过检查化学变异Jeditto黄陶器碎片在个别捐助者的村庄和特定的霍皮族地区，可以建立一个网络的联系。这反过来又很可能为人们的流动设定了模板。这项研究很重要，原因有几个。它将使人们深入了解移徙的基本过程。它将为许多人类学家提供感兴趣的数据，增加我们对史前美国西南部的了解，并帮助培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Michelle Hegmon, Mr. Wesley Bernardini will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. His research focuses on the late prehistoric period in the US Southwest (ca. 1200 to 1400 AD) and will test a theory of Hopi people's migration. Both archaeological and ethnographic data indicate that during this time interval extensive migration and population shifts occurred in the Hopi region of northern Arizona and that the present distribution of Hopi villages and people was determined during this period. Mr. Bernardini wishes to understand the mechanisms which underlie this process. The dominant archaeological view is that such population movements likely occurred at a macro scale in which all individuals in an entire village moved together in mass to a new location and most analytical units which researchers employ are defined at this scale. Hopi tradition itself paints a different picture and describes a more piecemeal process in which a very small group within a donor village would migrate to one host location while another group (clan) from the same point of origin would move elsewhere. As a result host villages were highly heterogeneous and villages in close proximity may have shared share fewer ties to each other than to villages further away. This issue is important to anthropologists who wish to understand historic, and present day, Hopi social organization.Mr. Bernardini will focus on the chemical analysis of ceramics recovered from donor population villages. Prior research has indicated that a particular kind of pottery, "Jeddito Yellow Ware" was manufactured only by Hopi but then traded widely. Significant amounts have been recovered from sites in regions outside the immediate Hopi area and Mr. Bernardini hypothesizes that these trading ties established in pre-migration times provided the pathways along which migrants later moved. The analysis takes advantage of the geological variability within the Hopi region. Clay and temper sources are distinct between different Hopi subregions and often allow one to match a sherd recovered tens of miles away with the individual village at which it was produced. By examining chemical variability among Jeditto Yellow Ware sherds within individual donor villages and with specific Hopi regions, a network of linkages can be established. This in turn very likely set the template for movement of people as well.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide insight into the basic process of migration. It will provide data of interest to many anthropologists, increase our understanding of the prehistoric US Southwest and assist in training a promising young scientist.