SBIR Phase II: CO-Tolerant Pt-Mo Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells

SBIR 第二阶段：用于质子交换膜 (PEM) 燃料电池的耐 CO 铂钼电催化剂

• 批准号: 0078635
• 负责人: Hanwei Lei
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: T/J Technologies, Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2003-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0078635&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; II; CO; Tolerant

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase II project addresses the development of highly dispersed Pt-Mo electrocatalysts for application as anodes in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Alternative anode electrocatalysts remain a critical development area for the cost reduction and performance enhancement of PEM fuel cells operating on reformate hydrogen fuel. Specifically, there is a need for catalysts that are tolerant to reformate by-products such as CO. Supported Pt-Mo is a leading candidate for the next generation of these catalysts. The Phase I research successfully produced highly dispersed Pt-Mo catalysts supported on Vulcan XC-72 using two distinct methods. The catalysts produced by both methods show excellent hydrogen oxidation characteristics in 0.5 M H2SO4. The performance of these materials in 100 ppm CO/H2 indicated high activity but did not, however, show the degree of CO-tolerance expected on the basis of results from bulk Pt-Mo alloys. These findings were surprising in light of voltammetric evidence that showed electrochemical interaction between Mo and Pt.Phase II of this effort will develop a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of Pt-Mo interactions. The results from the Phase I research at T/J suggest that the promotion of enhanced H2 oxidation at lower potentials in CO/H2 fuel streams is critically dependent upon the nature of the Pt-Mo interaction. We intend to examine the influence of surface composition/coverage of Mo on solid Pt electrode surfaces in the presence of CO/H2 fuel streams as a function of potential using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) system. These fundamental studies of solid electrode surfaces will identify the basis of CO-tolerance. Based on these results, we will pursue rational development of supported Pt-Mo catalysts with the appropriate surface chemistry and structure using three novel dispersion methods. As a part of this work, we will conduct in-depth physicochemical characterization of the catalysts as well as more comprehensive electrochemical analysis. We intend to produce prototype membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for testing in fuel cells. In addition, we will supply catalyst materials for external evaluation by leading catalyst manufacturers. These companies have committed over $840,000 in follow-on funding for this SBIR project.Low cost CO-tolerant catalysts developed under this SBIR project will enable the commercialization of high performance PEM fuel cells operating on reformed hydrogen. Reducing catalyst costs addresses a key obstacle hindering the commercialization of PEMFCs for vehicle propulsion and off-grid electric power generation.

这个小型企业创新研究第二阶段项目致力于开发高度分散的铂钼电催化剂，用作质子交换膜(PEM)燃料电池的阳极。替代阳极电催化剂仍然是降低重整氢燃料的PEM燃料电池成本和提高其性能的关键发展领域。具体地说，需要耐受重整副产物(如CO)的催化剂。负载型铂钼是下一代催化剂的主要候选者。第一阶段研究使用两种不同的方法成功地制备了以Vulcan XC-72为载体的高分散铂钼催化剂。两种方法制备的催化剂在0.5M H_2SO_4中均表现出良好的氢氧化性能。这些材料在100ppm CO/H2中的性能显示出高活性，但并没有显示出根据块体铂钼合金的结果所预期的CO容忍度。这些发现令人惊讶，因为伏安证据表明，钼和铂之间的电化学相互作用。这一努力的第二阶段将发展更全面的理解铂-钼相互作用的性质。T/J的第一阶段研究结果表明，在CO/H_2燃料气流中，在低电势下促进H_2的强化氧化主要取决于铂-钼相互作用的性质。我们打算用旋转圆盘电极(RDE)系统考察在CO/H2燃料流存在的情况下，Mo在固体铂电极表面的表面组成/覆盖率作为电位的函数的影响。这些对固体电极表面的基础研究将确定CO耐受性的基础。基于这些结果，我们将利用三种新的分散方法来寻求合理地开发具有合适表面化学和结构的负载型铂钼催化剂。作为这项工作的一部分，我们将对催化剂进行深入的物理化学表征以及更全面的电化学分析。我们打算生产用于燃料电池测试的原型膜电极组件(MEA)。此外，我们还将提供催化剂材料，供领先催化剂制造商进行外部评估。这些公司已经承诺为这个SBIR项目提供超过840,000美元的后续资金。根据这个SBIR项目开发的低成本耐CO催化剂将使使用重整氢操作的高性能PEM燃料电池实现商业化。降低催化剂成本解决了阻碍用于车辆推进和离网发电的质子交换膜燃料电池商业化的一个关键障碍。