Understanding Crime and Community: A National Neighborhood Crime Study

了解犯罪与社区：全国邻里犯罪研究

• 批准号: 0080091
• 负责人: Ruth Peterson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0080091&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Crime; Community; National; Neighborhood

PI = PetersonSES 0080091Wilson and others have suggested that macro-social changes have a significant effect on crime and other social problems. This research evaluates this claim by analyzing neighborhood variation in crime within cities. The project also probes the impact of racial difference in communities by examining neighborhoods that are racially variant, but similarly situated in economic status. Crime data for neighborhoods in 75 cities with populations over 100,000 are collected. These crime data are combined with socio-demographic data for cities and tracts from census and other published sources to construct a contextual data set of neighborhoods characteristics with city variables appended to each neighborhood unit. These data are used to conduct multi-level analyses evaluating the direct and indirect effects (through neighborhood conditions) of city labor market structure, socioeconomic inequality, and population change on neighborhood crime. Further, the analyses assess whether and how city contextual factors condition the influence of neighborhood social disorganization, structural disadvantage, and socioeconomic inequality on crime. Finally, the research examines the extent to which neighborhood conditions (particularly economic status) have similar influences on crime in predominantly black and white neighborhoods. The research will determine whether and how a number of important city-level factors influence neighborhood crime by empirically evaluating the multifaceted influences of the macro-structural context on local community crime using cutting-edge statistical procedures. The project will also demonstrate whether the influences of socioeconomic conditions on crime are (or are not) invariant across areas with varying racial compositions, and whether the answers to these two issues are the same for different types of criminal behavior. The knowledge gained from addressing these questions will help explicate the determinants of neighborhood crime, and provide a foundation to inform public debate about the differential consequences of de-industrialization.

威尔逊和其他人认为，宏观社会变化对犯罪和其他社会问题有重大影响。 本研究通过分析城市内犯罪的邻里差异来评估这一说法。该项目还通过研究种族差异但经济地位相似的社区来探讨种族差异对社区的影响。收集了75个人口超过10万的城市的社区犯罪数据。这些犯罪数据与来自人口普查和其他公开来源的城市和区域的社会人口统计数据相结合，以构建一个街区特征的上下文数据集，其中每个街区单元都附有城市变量。这些数据用于进行多层次分析，评估城市劳动力市场结构、社会经济不平等和人口变化对邻里犯罪的直接和间接影响（通过邻里条件）。此外，分析评估是否以及如何城市环境因素条件的邻里社会解体，结构性劣势，社会经济不平等的犯罪的影响。最后，该研究考察了在以黑人和白色为主的社区中，社区条件（特别是经济状况）对犯罪的影响程度。 该研究将确定一些重要的城市层面的因素是否以及如何影响邻里犯罪，通过经验评估的宏观结构背景下对当地社区犯罪的多方面影响，使用尖端的统计程序。该项目还将展示社会经济条件对犯罪的影响是否在不同种族组成的地区是（或不是）不变的，以及这两个问题的答案是否对不同类型的犯罪行为是相同的。从解决这些问题中获得的知识将有助于阐明邻里犯罪的决定因素，并为公众辩论去工业化的不同后果提供基础。