Environmental Genomics and Microbial Observatories: Analysis of Genetic Variability, Gene Content, and Genomic Potential in Uncultivated Marine Picoplankton

环境基因组学和微生物观测站：未培养的海洋微型浮游生物的遗传变异性、基因含量和基因组潜力分析

• 批准号: 0084211
• 负责人: John Heidelberg
• 金额: $ 129.01万
• 依托单位: Institute for Genomic Research
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-10-01 至 2004-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0084211&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Environmental; Genomics; Microbial; Observatories; Analysis

Picoplankton, small planktonic microorganisms ranging in diameter from 0.2 to 2.0 mm, are the most abundant cellular organisms in the world's oceans. At concentrations of ranging from 10,000 to 1,000,000 cells /ml worldwide, these microorganisms consume an estimated 20-50 % of marine primary productivity. Planktonic microbes are also biochemically versatile, mediating most of the key chemical transformations of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur that occur in the oceanic biosphere. However, very little is known about the biology, physiology and genetics of these globally important microbes - mainly because some of the most dominant types have resisted cultivation. This project will characterize cosmopolitan and abundant, but uncultured, picoplankton species using newly developed genomic technologies. Specifically, the project will sequence, annotate and analyze large insert chromosomal DNA libraries prepared from naturally occurring planktonic microorganisms. These data will provide hitherto unavailable information on uncultured microorganisms that have a high abundance and ubiquitous global distribution. Genomic organization, gene content, and functional protein distributions of planktonic microbes will become available for the first time. Furthermore, the new approaches and tools developed will significantly advance and extend current Microbial Observatory efforts in the ocean and other diverse environments. Our approach will significantly increase the general understanding of uncultivated microorganisms that largely mediate the flux of energy and matter in the world's oceans. Data resulting from this effort will also provide the foundation necessary for constructing DNA microarrays, designed for high throughput monitoring of the variability and gene expression of diverse, globally significant marine microbial species. Ultimately, the approaches developed in this research will provide detailed insight into the variability, activity, and significance of important microbial communities from any site.

微浮游生物是一种直径从0.2毫米到2.0毫米的小型浮游微生物，是世界海洋中最丰富的细胞生物。在世界范围内，这些微生物的浓度从10,000到1,000,000个/毫升不等，估计消耗了海洋初级生产力的20%-50%。浮游微生物在生物化学上也是多才多艺的，它们参与了大洋生物圈中碳、氮和硫的大部分关键化学转化。然而，人们对这些全球重要微生物的生物学、生理学和遗传学知之甚少--主要是因为一些最具优势的类型抵制培养。这个项目将利用新开发的基因组技术来描述世界性的和丰富的但未培养的微浮游动物物种。具体地说，该项目将对自然浮游微生物制备的大插入染色体DNA文库进行测序、注释和分析。这些数据将提供迄今为止无法获得的关于高丰度和无处不在的全球分布的未培养微生物的信息。浮游微生物的基因组组织、基因含量和功能蛋白分布将首次公开。此外，开发的新方法和工具将大大推进和扩大海洋和其他不同环境中微生物观测站目前的工作。我们的方法将大大提高对未培养微生物的总体理解，这些微生物在很大程度上调节着世界海洋中的能量和物质流动。这项工作产生的数据还将为构建DNA微阵列提供必要的基础，该微阵列旨在高通量监测各种具有全球意义的海洋微生物物种的变异性和基因表达。最终，这项研究中开发的方法将提供对任何地点重要微生物群落的变异性、活性和重要性的详细洞察。