Integration of Capillary Column Gas Chromatography into Project-Oriented Laboratories

化学（12）毛细管柱气相色谱（GC）被整合到几门课程中，这些课程提供了多周的，协作的，以项目为导向的实验室体验，使用改编自标准文献的实验。化学系目前为学生提供了许多这类的实验体验，但我觉得增加几个毛细管柱气相色谱项目将大大增加可提供的项目范围。该系非常重视多周的、协作的、以项目为导向的实验室，因为学生发展的技能，如作为团队成员工作、设计实验和评估数据，是成为一名科学家的核心。此外，提供多周的项目，与真正的研究经历密切相关，激励更多的学生寻求本科研究经历。毛细管柱气相色谱是一种灵活、快速和定量的工具，可以支持入门、环境和有机化学中的许多类型的项目。气相色谱仪器具有温度编程能力，并配备了两个探测器，两列，和一个积分器为每个仪器。大多数气相色谱仪器都有火焰电离检测器；然而，其中两台仪器都配备了电子捕获探测器。两个电子捕获检测器的增加使两个气相色谱仪器能够支持环境化学课程中面向项目的实验室，在这些课程中，卤化和硝基取代化合物的选择性检测是至关重要的，这是许多杀虫剂和除草剂的典型基序。毛细管柱气相色谱的大部分使用发生在大二的有机化学实验室，在那里，课程的重点已经转变为提供所有以项目为导向的实验室体验。拟提供的项目的一些例子包括审查醇脱水反应中的竞争性反应途径、研究Diels-Alder反应中的结构/反应性关系以及审查酰基萘衍生物的对映选择性还原。卡尔顿的入门和环境化学课程提供至少一个多周的项目导向的实验室经验。在这段时间里，学生们通常会从一个团队可以承担的项目列表中选择一个。在化学导论中，有三个项目采用了新型毛细管气相色谱柱。这些项目包括检查几种液体中的分子间作用力，调查模拟法医纵火样本，以及调查氟化金属-乙酰丙酮酸络合物的挥发性。在环境化学中，一个项目会要求一个学生小组检查一种除草剂在校园附近地区的土壤或水中的分布。另外一个项目还用于检查商业种植的水果和蔬菜中的杀虫剂和除草剂。

Chemistry (12) Capillary column gas chromatography (GC) is integrated into several courses that offer multi-week, collaborative, project-oriented laboratory experiences, using experiments which are adapted from standard literature. The Chemistry Department currently offers many of these types of laboratory experiences to students, but feel the addition of several capillary column GC's would greatly enhance the range of projects that could be offered. The Department greatly values multi-week, collaborative, project-oriented laboratories because the skills students develop, such as working as a member of a team, designing experiments, and evaluating data, are central to being a scientist. In addition, offering multi-week projects, which closely parallel a true research experience, inspires more students to seek out undergraduate research experiences. Capillary column GC is a flexible, fast, and quantitative tool that can support many types of projects in introductory, environmental, and organic chemistry. The GC instruments have temperature programming capabilities and are equipped with two detectors, two columns, and an integrator for each instrument. The majority of the GC instruments have flame ionization detectors; however, two of the instruments are each equipped with an electron capture detector. The addition of two electron capture detectors allows two of the GC instruments to support project-oriented laboratories in environmental chemistry courses where the selective detection of halogenated and nitro-substituted compounds, a typical motif for many pesticides and herbicides, are crucial. The majority of the capillary column GC usage occurs in sophomore organic chemistry laboratories where there has been a shift in curricular focus to offering all project-oriented laboratory experiences. Some examples of projects to be offered include the examination of competitive reaction pathways in the dehydration reaction of an alcohol, a study of structure/reactivity relationships in the Diels-Alder reaction, and the examination of the enantioselective reduction of an acylnaphthalene derivative. Introductory and environmental chemistry courses at Carleton offer at least one multi-week, project oriented laboratory experience. During this period students usually pick from a menu of possible projects that a team can undertake. In introductory chemistry three projects take advantage of the new capillary column GC's. These projects include an examination of intermolecular forces in several liquids, the investigation of a simulated forensic arson sample, and the investigation of the volatility of fluorinated metal-acetylacetonate complexes. In environmental chemistry a project would call for a student group to examine the distribution of a herbicide in either soil or water in the immediate region around the campus. An additional project is also used to examine pesticides and herbicides in commercially grown fruits and vegetables.