Integration of Capillary Column Gas Chromatography into Project-Oriented Laboratories

化学(12)毛细管柱气相色谱(GC)被整合到几门课程中，这些课程提供了为期数周的、协作的、以项目为导向的实验室经验，使用的实验改编自标准文献。化学系目前为学生提供了许多这类实验室体验，但我认为增加几个毛细管柱GC将极大地扩大可提供的项目范围。该部门非常重视多周、协作、以项目为导向的实验室，因为学生发展的技能，如作为团队成员工作、设计实验和评估数据，是成为科学家的核心。此外，提供为期数周的项目，这与真正的研究体验密切相关，鼓励更多的学生寻找本科生的研究体验。毛细管柱GC是一种灵活、快速和定量的工具，可以支持入门、环境和有机化学中的许多类型的项目。GC仪器具有温度编程功能，并为每个仪器配备两个检测器、两个色谱柱和一个积分器。大多数GC仪器都有火焰电离检测器，但其中两台仪器都配备了电子捕获检测器。增加了两个电子捕获检测器，使两个GC仪器能够支持环境化学课程中以项目为导向的实验室，在这些课程中，选择性地检测卤化和硝基取代化合物至关重要，这是许多杀虫剂和除草剂的典型主题。大多数毛细管柱GC的使用发生在二年级的有机化学实验室，那里的课程重点已经转移到提供所有以项目为导向的实验室经验。将提供的一些项目的例子包括研究醇脱水反应中的竞争反应路径，研究Diels-Alder反应中的结构/反应性关系，以及研究酰基萘衍生物的对映选择性还原。卡尔顿大学的入门和环境化学课程至少提供一次为期数周的、以项目为导向的实验室体验。在此期间，学生们通常从一个团队可以承担的可能项目的菜单中进行选择。在介绍化学中，有三个项目利用了新的毛细管柱气相色谱，这些项目包括几种液体中分子间作用力的检查，模拟法医纵火样本的调查，以及氟化金属-乙酰丙酮络合物的挥发性调查。在环境化学中，一个项目将要求一个学生小组检查除草剂在校园附近地区土壤或水中的分布情况。另一个项目也用于检查商业种植的水果和蔬菜中的杀虫剂和除草剂。

Chemistry (12) Capillary column gas chromatography (GC) is integrated into several courses that offer multi-week, collaborative, project-oriented laboratory experiences, using experiments which are adapted from standard literature. The Chemistry Department currently offers many of these types of laboratory experiences to students, but feel the addition of several capillary column GC's would greatly enhance the range of projects that could be offered. The Department greatly values multi-week, collaborative, project-oriented laboratories because the skills students develop, such as working as a member of a team, designing experiments, and evaluating data, are central to being a scientist. In addition, offering multi-week projects, which closely parallel a true research experience, inspires more students to seek out undergraduate research experiences. Capillary column GC is a flexible, fast, and quantitative tool that can support many types of projects in introductory, environmental, and organic chemistry. The GC instruments have temperature programming capabilities and are equipped with two detectors, two columns, and an integrator for each instrument. The majority of the GC instruments have flame ionization detectors; however, two of the instruments are each equipped with an electron capture detector. The addition of two electron capture detectors allows two of the GC instruments to support project-oriented laboratories in environmental chemistry courses where the selective detection of halogenated and nitro-substituted compounds, a typical motif for many pesticides and herbicides, are crucial. The majority of the capillary column GC usage occurs in sophomore organic chemistry laboratories where there has been a shift in curricular focus to offering all project-oriented laboratory experiences. Some examples of projects to be offered include the examination of competitive reaction pathways in the dehydration reaction of an alcohol, a study of structure/reactivity relationships in the Diels-Alder reaction, and the examination of the enantioselective reduction of an acylnaphthalene derivative. Introductory and environmental chemistry courses at Carleton offer at least one multi-week, project oriented laboratory experience. During this period students usually pick from a menu of possible projects that a team can undertake. In introductory chemistry three projects take advantage of the new capillary column GC's. These projects include an examination of intermolecular forces in several liquids, the investigation of a simulated forensic arson sample, and the investigation of the volatility of fluorinated metal-acetylacetonate complexes. In environmental chemistry a project would call for a student group to examine the distribution of a herbicide in either soil or water in the immediate region around the campus. An additional project is also used to examine pesticides and herbicides in commercially grown fruits and vegetables.