Analysis and Design of Volume Photonic Metal Grid Antenna Elements

体光子金属网格天线元件的分析与设计

• 批准号: 0096395
• 负责人: Sergey Makaroff
• 金额: $ 14万
• 依托单位: Worcester Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0096395&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analysis; Design; Volume; Photonic; Metal

0096395MakarovA two-year program to investigate transmitting, scattering, and focusing phenomena of finite rectangular volume metal grids is proposed. The grid cell sizes are on the order of a wavelength or smaller. The project results will make a contribution to the development of large-scale antennas, including base station antennas, satellite antennas, and radars. One of the impacts could be the replacement of a reflecting metal sheet or a tiny metal texture by a specially designed 3D metal grid with frequency-selective reflectivity properties. Numerical and theoretical analyses will take up 65% of the project work while experimentations will consume the remaining 35%. Today, numerical modeling of finite metal grids (and of any finite photonic crystals) constitutes considerable difficulties and is very time consuming. The speed issue of a numerical solver is a most critical parameter for the design process: many hundreds of trials may be necessary to identify a proper metal grid structure. As part of this proposal, a new iterative solver for magnetic/electric field integral equations will be developed. Its idea is to convert the primary equation to the normal (energy) form and then apply a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) optimization. The current solver performance is reported in the project description. Preliminary studies indicate that the solver is fast and requires a few tens of iterations for complicated metal grid structures. To date the solver uses the simplest (piecewise-constant) basis functions and none of the special anti-resonant techniques. The first goal of the project is therefore a modification and further development of the solver in order to be able to compute resonant volume metal grids with 100-225 cells and with 2 x 10 to the fifth power - 1 x 10 to the sixth power boundary elements in 20-40 iterations. Next, extensive numerical modeling will be performed with respect to three grid parameters: cell spacing, thickness, and depth. The fourth parameter is grid curvature for curved meshes or a shaping factor for shaped grids. The objectives of the proposed modeling efforts are: i. Roadmaps of transmission spectra for various grid patterns.ii. Search for shaped grids providing unusual transmission/focusing properties, including higher focusing gain than equivalent solid reflectors or lenses.The first objective is becoming the standard step in the development of photonic metallic/dielectric filters. The desired pass band properties for the present project will beidentified using industrial links. The second objective is more questionable, but, as explained in the project description, may offer significant benefits. The experimental part of the work includes fabrication of the metal grids, transmission spectra measurements using a network analyzer and two small horn antennas, and surface current distribution measurements on the grid using an infrared detection system and a high-power microwave feed.The proposal includes a substantial educational component geared toward general antenna theory. The teaching plan foresees one graduate (two years) project on a fast method of moments for antenna design, one or two short undergraduate projects, and incorporation of antenna-related materials into undergraduate and graduate courses, with particular emphasis on genetic optimization algorithms. As a result of the teaching plan, an introductory inantenna toolboxla for Matlab will be created. The toolbox will include receiving and transmitting (delta gap feed) antenna elements such as wires, rectangular meshes of wires,plates, and possibly convex reflectors.

0096395 Makarova提出了一项为期两年的计划，研究有限矩形体积金属网格的传输、散射和聚焦现象。网格单元的大小在波长或更小的数量级上。该项目成果将为包括基站天线、卫星天线和雷达在内的大规模天线的发展做出贡献。其中一个影响可能是用专门设计的具有频率选择性反射率特性的3D金属网格来取代反射金属薄片或微小的金属纹理。数值和理论分析将占项目工作的65%，而实验将占用剩余的35%。今天，有限金属网格(以及任何有限光子晶体)的数值建模都是相当困难且非常耗时的。数值求解器的速度问题是设计过程中最关键的参数：可能需要数百次试验才能确定合适的金属网格结构。作为这一提议的一部分，将开发一种新的磁场/电场积分方程组的迭代求解器。它的思想是将主方程转换为标准(能量)形式，然后应用广义最小残差(GMRES)优化。项目描述中报告了当前求解器的性能。初步研究表明，对于复杂的金属网格结构，该算法计算速度快，需要几十次迭代。到目前为止，求解器使用最简单的(分段常量)基函数，没有任何特殊的反共振技术。因此，项目的第一个目标是对求解器进行修改和进一步开发，以便能够在20-40次迭代中计算具有100-225个单元和2×10到5次方-1×10到6次方边界单元的共振体金属网格。接下来，将针对三个网格参数执行广泛的数值模拟：单元间距、厚度和深度。第四个参数是曲线型网格的网格曲率或成型网格的成形系数。所提出的建模工作的目标是：i.各种网格模式的透射谱路线图。寻找具有特殊传输/聚焦特性的成形栅格，包括比同等固体反射器或透镜更高的聚焦增益。第一个目标是成为发展光子金属/介质滤光片的标准步骤。本项目所需的通带特性将使用工业链接来确定。第二个目标更值得怀疑，但正如项目说明中所解释的那样，它可能会带来显著的好处。实验部分包括金属栅网的制作，使用网络分析仪和两个小喇叭天线进行透射谱测量，以及使用红外探测系统和高功率微波馈电测量网格上的表面电流分布。教学计划预计将有一个关于天线设计的快速矩方法的研究生项目(两年)，一个或两个短期的本科项目，以及将天线相关材料纳入本科和研究生课程，特别强调遗传优化算法。作为教学计划的结果，将创建一个用于MatLab的入门天线工具箱。该工具箱将包括接收和发射(三角形间隙馈电)天线单元，例如电线、矩形金属丝网、板和可能的凸面反射器。