Fundamental Studies on Novel Double Layer Capacitors

新型双层电容器的基础研究

• 批准号: 0099853
• 负责人: Ramana Reddy
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2007-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0099853&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fundamental; Studies; Novel; Double; Layer

Electrochemical capacitor (EC) energy technologies, including double layer capacitor (DLC) and electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) have promising potential in electric vehicles (EV) or hybrid vehicles. The most important advantages of EC are their high power and energy densities. Other EC advantages include long cycle life (100,000 - 1,000,000 cycles) and maintenance-free property.The energy density of EC mainly depends on specific capacitance and applied voltage. The maximum capacitance of EC is limited by the concentration of ions in the electrolyte. The key to increase the energy density of the electrochemical capacitors seems to rest in the increases in the electrochemical windows and ionic concentrations of the electrolytes, and improvement of mass transfer in metal oxide film. The project objectives include: Development of novel electrodes: Composite electrodes composed of carbon and nano-film of metal oxide will be investigated. Development of novel electrolytes: Organic liquids as electrolytes will be investigated. Modeling and investigation of charge-discharge mechanisms. Current metal oxide film used in EC has micrometer thickness and the fabrication is complicated. In this research, a novel oxide film processing method is proposed. By adsorbing metal to activated carbon and then modifying it to metal oxide, the new method will produce nano-meter-thick metal oxide film, having high energy density and low internal resistance.The theoretical analysis and preliminary experiments were conducted and specific energy was calculated. Theoretical energy density of 1600-2000 Wh/kg was obtained for electrochemical capacitor unit using ionic liquids.It is anticipated that the goals outlined in this proposal will lead to the development of a new capacitor with high power and energy densities.

电化学电容器（EC）能源技术，包括双层电容器（DLC）和电化学双层电容器（EDLC）在电动汽车（EV）或混合动力汽车中具有广阔的潜力。 EC 最重要的优点是其高功率和能量密度。 EC的其他优点包括循环寿命长（100,000 - 1,000,000次循环）和免维护特性。EC的能量密度主要取决于比电容和施加电压。 EC 的最大电容受到电解质中离子浓度的限制。提高电化学电容器能量密度的关键似乎在于电解质的电化学窗口和离子浓度的增加以及金属氧化物膜中传质的改善。该项目的目标包括： 开发新型电极：将研究由碳和金属氧化物纳米膜组成的复合电极。新型电解质的开发：将研究有机液体作为电解质。充放电机制的建模和研究。目前EC中使用的金属氧化膜厚度为微米级，且制作复杂。在这项研究中，提出了一种新颖的氧化膜处理方法。该新方法通过活性炭吸附金属，然后将其改性为金属氧化物，制备出纳米厚的金属氧化物薄膜，具有高能量密度和低内阻。进行了理论分析和初步实验，并计算了比能量。使用离子液体的电化学电容器单元获得了1600-2000 Wh/kg的理论能量密度。预计该提案中概述的目标将导致开发具有高功率和能量密度的新型电容器。