Theoretical Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology

理论粒子物理学、天体物理学和宇宙学

• 批准号: 0101738
• 负责人: Glennys Farrar
• 金额: $ 68.6万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0101738&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theoretical; Particle; Physics; Astrophysics; Cosmology

The research supported under this proposal touches cosmology,observational astronomy, aspects of particle physics, plasma physics,high energy astrophysics, black holes and computational physics.Techniques will be developed to best exploit future high precision dataon the cosmic microwave background radiation and irregularities in thedistribution of galaxies. The evolution of galaxies and some aspects ofgamma ray bursts will be studied using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey andKeck telescopes. Theoretical work will attempt to elucidate theproperties and distribution of dark matter, the origin of the excess ofmatter over antimatter in the Universe, the underlying physics ofgamma ray bursts, the source of the highest energy cosmic rays, theprocess by which large black holes form and accrete matter, andselected issues in particle physics.The work will help pin down the fundamental cosmological parameters suchas Einstein's cosmological constant, the curvature of theuniverse, and the matter content of the universe. Conditions in theUniverse in the instant after the Big Bang will be inferred. Themechanism by which the Big Bang developed and then ended will beelucidated and the "Inflationary Scenario" will be tested. Novelproperties of space-time, such as extra dimensions or intrinsicallyquantum mechanical dimensions whose distances cannot be described byordinary numbers, are inherent in string theory; it is an importantchallenge to find ways to discover these hidden features of theUniverse, if they are there. Identifying and measuring the dark matterand dark energy, and answering the questions above, are prerequisites todeducing the fundamental theory of nature and to understanding why theUniverse is hospitable to life at this or any epoch in its history.

这项建议所支持的研究涉及宇宙学、观测天文学、粒子物理学、等离子体物理学、高能天体物理学、黑洞和计算物理学等方面，并将开发技术，以便最好地利用未来关于宇宙微波背景辐射和星系分布不规则性的高精度数据。 星系的演化和伽马射线爆发的某些方面将使用斯隆数字巡天和凯克望远镜进行研究。 理论工作将试图阐明暗物质的性质和分布，宇宙中物质超过反物质的起源，伽马射线爆发的基本物理学，最高能量宇宙射线的来源，大黑洞形成和吸积物质的过程，以及粒子物理学中的一些问题。这项工作将有助于确定基本的宇宙学参数，如爱因斯坦的宇宙常数，宇宙的曲率和宇宙的物质含量。 宇宙大爆炸后瞬间的情况将被推断出来。 大爆炸发展和结束的机制将被阐明，“通货膨胀情景”将被检验。 时空的新性质，如额外维度或本质上的量子力学维度，它们的距离不能用普通的数字来描述，是弦理论所固有的;如果宇宙中存在这些隐藏的特征，找到发现它们的方法是一个重要的挑战。 对暗物质和暗能量的识别和测量，以及对上述问题的回答，是推导基本自然理论和理解为什么宇宙在这个或任何历史时期都适合生命存在的先决条件。