Pattern Formation in Non-equilibrium Systems: Self-organization and Stochasticity

非平衡系统中的模式形成：自组织和随机性

• 批准号: 0101793
• 负责人: Herbert Levine
• 金额: $ 21.9万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0101793&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pattern; Formation; Non; equilibrium; Systems

0101793LevineThis award supports theoretical and computational research on pattern formation with applications to physical, chemical, and biological problems. The focus of the research includes pattern nucleation, self-organized flocking states, and stochasticity in interface dynamics. The PI aims to apply a combined numerical and analytical approach to the problem of pattern nucleation. Pattern nucleation refers to the creation of patterns by fluctuation effects in systems exhibiting multistability. The research effort will include applications. Of immediate interest is the spontaneous creation of intracellular calcium waves by stochastic channel openings. Flocking behavior occurs in interacting multiparticle systems away from any simple equilibrium state. Self-organized structures arising from flocking have been found in a wide range of diverse systems from microorganism colonies to human pedestrian traffic. Continuum equations will be devised for these processes with an aim to better understand allowed parameter ranges and instability mechanisms. Results from model calculations will be compared to real-world data obtained in part through collaboration with leading experts in the fields of animal flocking, traffic patterns, and amoeba aggregation. The PI will also continue his studies of how stochasticity influences interface dynamics. Efforts will focus on extending two possibilities, pulse backfiring in excitable systems and noise-induced diffusive instabilities. The PI aims to find an analytic approach and to find necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of these anomalous noise effects. A new effort is planned on an application to noise effects during infection spreading. This award also supports education through research results that are incorporated into a course on pattern formation and through the preparation of a textbook on pattern formation.%%%This award supports theoretical and computational research on the physics of non-equilibrium processes, especially in the emergence of spatial patterns in extended systems. The research will in part, capitalize on tremendous advances in the field over the past decade to make critical and nontrivial predictions regarding the behavior of a wide variety of complex systems. The work will focus on how fluctuations influence the formation of patterns in systems with coexisting dynamical states, on understanding the self-organizing properties of interacting self-propelled particles, and on better characterizing the conditions under which noise-sensitive interfaces occur.Results of this work will provide a foundation for a wide range of specific applications to physical, chemical, and biological systems. The PI will focus on the spontaneous creation of intracellular calcium waves by stochastic channel openings, animal flocking, traffic patterns, amoeba aggregation, and infection spreading. This award also supports education through research results that are incorporated into a course on pattern formation and through the preparation of a textbook on pattern formation.***

0101793Levine该奖项支持模式形成的理论和计算研究，并将其应用于物理，化学和生物学问题。 研究的重点包括图形形核、自组织植绒态和界面动力学中的随机性。PI的目的是将数值和分析相结合的方法应用于图案成核的问题。图案成核是指在表现出多稳态的系统中通过波动效应产生图案。 研究工作将包括应用。直接感兴趣的是随机通道开放自发产生的细胞内钙波。群集行为发生在远离任何简单平衡态的相互作用多粒子系统中。从微生物菌落到人类行人交通的各种不同系统中，都发现了由群集产生的自组织结构。 将为这些过程设计连续方程，目的是更好地理解允许的参数范围和不稳定机制。模型计算的结果将与部分通过与动物群集，交通模式和阿米巴聚集领域的领先专家合作获得的真实数据进行比较。PI还将继续研究随机性如何影响界面动力学。努力将集中在扩展两种可能性，脉冲回火在可激发系统和噪声引起的扩散不稳定性。PI的目的是找到一种分析方法，并找到这些异常噪声效应发生的必要和充分条件。一项新的努力计划在感染传播过程中的噪音影响的应用。该奖项还通过将研究成果纳入模式形成课程以及编写模式形成教科书来支持教育。%该奖项支持非平衡过程物理学的理论和计算研究，特别是在扩展系统中出现空间模式。这项研究将在一定程度上利用过去十年该领域的巨大进步，对各种复杂系统的行为做出关键和重要的预测。这项工作将集中在波动如何影响共存动力学状态系统中模式的形成，理解相互作用的自推进粒子的自组织特性，以及更好地表征噪声敏感界面发生的条件下，这项工作的结果将为物理，化学和生物系统的广泛具体应用提供基础。PI将集中在随机通道开放，动物群集，交通模式，阿米巴聚集和感染传播的细胞内钙波的自发创建。 该奖项还通过将研究成果纳入模式形成课程和编写模式形成教科书来支持教育。