Perturbation and Recovery of an Old-field Food Web

古老食物网的扰动与恢复

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0107780
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2001-07-01 至 2005-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

A central goal in ecology is to develop a set of sound scientific principles that help to explain the effects of natural or human-induced disturbances on biodiversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems. This endeavor is motivated from a desire to: (1) forecast the fate of ecosystems, and the biodiversity contained within them, especially when native species are lost or exotic species invade as a consequence of the disturbances, and (2) restore the natural function of those systems through sound management. The proposed research aims to help develop the scientific principles needed to conduct sound environmental management by studying how top-predator species in New England meadow ecosystems control the diversity of plant species within those meadows and how disturbances alter that control. Past research on this system has revealed that, within a summer season, top predators such as spiders are important because they control the amount of damage that leaf-chewing herbivores such as grasshoppers and beetles inflict on plant species. It is unknown how environmental disturbances alter the ability of top-predators to control the herbivore damage. The proposed research will cause disturbances to the ecosystem by experimentally excluding spider predators from 2 m x 2m field plots for periods of 1 to 4 years. Subsequently, we will monitor how plant damage by herbivores and plant species composition of the field plots change as a consequence of short- and long-term predator exclusion. As part of this experiment, we will also reintroduce spider predators to plots after they have been excluded for 1 to 3 years. The aim is to determine whether the system can be restored to its original plant species composition and functioning following fixed periods of disturbance. Currently, ecologists believe that altering the presence of top predators in natural ecosystems should have lasting consequences for ecosystem function. Few studies, however, have evaluated the long-term responses of ecosystems when top-predators are removed and later reintroduced. The proposed work will offer key insight into the long-term consequences of disturbing the natural integrity of ecosystems on ecosystem function.
生态学的一个核心目标是发展一套健全的科学原则,帮助解释自然或人为干扰对生物多样性和自然生态系统功能的影响。 这一奋进的动机是希望:(1)预测生态系统及其所包含的生物多样性的命运,特别是当本土物种因干扰而消失或外来物种入侵时,以及(2)恢复这些系统的自然功能通过健全的管理。拟议的研究旨在通过研究新英格兰草地生态系统中的顶级捕食者物种如何控制这些草地内的植物物种多样性以及干扰如何改变这种控制来帮助制定进行合理环境管理所需的科学原则。 过去对这一系统的研究表明,在夏季,蜘蛛等顶级捕食者很重要,因为它们控制着蝗虫和甲虫等咀嚼树叶的食草动物对植物物种造成的损害。 目前还不清楚环境干扰如何改变顶级捕食者控制草食动物损害的能力。 拟议的研究将对生态系统造成干扰,通过实验将蜘蛛捕食者从2米x2米的野外地块中排除1至4年。 随后,我们将监测如何植物损害的草食动物和植物物种组成的领域地块的变化作为短期和长期的捕食者排斥的结果。 作为这项实验的一部分,我们还将在蜘蛛捕食者被排除1至3年后重新引入到地块中。 其目的是确定系统是否可以恢复到原来的植物物种组成和功能后,固定的干扰期。 目前,生态学家认为,改变自然生态系统中顶级捕食者的存在应该对生态系统功能产生持久的影响。 然而,很少有研究评估生态系统的长期反应时,顶级捕食者被删除,后来重新引入。 拟议的工作将提供关键的洞察力,以了解扰乱生态系统的自然完整性对生态系统功能的长期影响。

项目成果

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Oswald Schmitz其他文献

Oswald Schmitz的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Oswald Schmitz', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Adaptation and resiliency of food web structure and functioning to environmental change
合作研究:食物网结构和功能对环境变化的适应和弹性
  • 批准号:
    2011884
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The macrophysiology of food chain dynamics
食物链动力学的宏观生理学
  • 批准号:
    1354762
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Linking phenotypic variation in plant anti-herbivore defense to spatial variation in soil nutrient pools
论文研究:将植物抗草食动物防御的表型变异与土壤养分库的空间变异联系起来
  • 批准号:
    1404120
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
U.S.-New Zealand DDEP: Using a Chronosequence to Investigate Ecosystem Recovery Following Invasive Rat Eradication
美国-新西兰 DDEP:利用时间顺序研究消灭入侵老鼠后的生态系统恢复
  • 批准号:
    0853846
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: How will climate change affect trophic interactions?
论文研究:气候变化将如何影响营养相互作用?
  • 批准号:
    0910047
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Complexity and Stability of an Old-field Ecosystem: The Role of Asymmetrical Interaction Strengths and Food Web Toplology
老生态系统的复杂性和稳定性:不对称相互作用强度和食物网拓扑的作用
  • 批准号:
    0816504
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Predator Identity and Trophic Control of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
生物多样性和生态系统功能的捕食者身份和营养控制
  • 批准号:
    0515014
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Do Common Mycorrhizal Networks Limit Plant Competition and Species Exclusion in Temperate Forests?
论文研究:常见的菌根网络是否限制温带森林中的植物竞争和物种排斥?
  • 批准号:
    0309225
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: The Distribution of a Grasshopper Species Among New England Old Fields: Population Ecology Along an Environmental Gradient
论文研究:新英格兰旧田地中蝗虫物种的分布:沿环境梯度的种群生态学
  • 批准号:
    9801665
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Organizational Complexity in Ecological Foodwebs: Experimental Analysis of Interaction Strength in an Old-Field System
生态食物网中的组织复杂性:旧场系统中相互作用强度的实验分析
  • 批准号:
    9508604
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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CLINICAL TRIAL: EFFECT OF CARDIAC REHAB ON RECOVERY FROM A CORONARY EVENT IN OLD
临床试验:心脏康复对老年人冠状动脉事件恢复的影响
  • 批准号:
    8166978
  • 财政年份:
    2010
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CLINICAL TRIAL: EFFECT OF CARDIAC REHAB ON RECOVERY FROM A CORONARY EVENT IN OLD
临床试验:心脏康复对老年人冠状动脉事件恢复的影响
  • 批准号:
    7952117
  • 财政年份:
    2009
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Qualifying and quantifying the impacts of disturbances and tracking recovery in both old-growth primary and early-succession secondary-growth mixedxwood forests in southern Canada.
定性和量化加拿大南部古老原生林和早期演替次生混交林的干扰影响并跟踪恢复情况。
  • 批准号:
    362690-2008
  • 财政年份:
    2009
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    $ 21.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Postgraduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Qualifying and quantifying the impacts of disturbances and tracking recovery in both old-growth primary and early-succession secondary-growth mixedxwood forests in southern Canada.
定性和量化加拿大南部古老原生林和早期演替次生混交林的干扰影响并跟踪恢复情况。
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    362690-2008
  • 财政年份:
    2008
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    $ 21.28万
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Old Minto Family Recovery Camp Expansion and Enhancement
老明托家庭康复营扩建和强化
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    7493350
  • 财政年份:
    2007
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    $ 21.28万
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Old Minto Family Recovery Camp Expansion and Enhancement
老明托家庭康复营扩建和强化
  • 批准号:
    7486697
  • 财政年份:
    2007
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    $ 21.28万
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Old Minto Family Recovery Camp Expansion and Enhancement
老明托家庭康复营扩建和强化
  • 批准号:
    7659410
  • 财政年份:
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CAREER: Biomechanical Analyses of Balance Recovery During Falls in Young and Old Adults
职业:年轻人和老年人跌倒期间平衡恢复的生物力学分析
  • 批准号:
    9702275
  • 财政年份:
    1997
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    $ 21.28万
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BALANCE RECOVERY BIOMECHANICS DURING FALLS IN OLD ADULTS
老年人跌倒时平衡恢复生物力学
  • 批准号:
    2001828
  • 财政年份:
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Catastrophic Disturbance, Patch Dynamics and Recovery in Old-Growth Forest
古老森林的灾难性干扰、斑块动态和恢复
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