Scientific Coordination and Integration Activities of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme

国际地圈生物圈方案的目标是更好地了解调节地球系统的相互作用的物理、化学和生物过程;地球系统为生命提供的独特环境;地球系统中正在发生的变化;以及这些变化受人类活动影响并反过来影响人类活动的方式。IGBP科学计划最初围绕八个“核心项目”实施，涉及地球系统的具体多学科方面，目前正在调整为一个反映地球系统动态的更加简明和综合的结构，围绕系统的主要组成部分-大气、海洋和陆地-以及同样重要的是，在这些组成部分之间的界面组织广泛的活动。全球分析、综合和建模计划（GAIM）和过去全球变化研究（PAGES）这两个总体性和综合性活动将把地球系统作为一个整体来研究。对地球系统的这一新的关注还将解决与地球系统动态变化密切相关的重大社会重要性问题，特别是全球可持续性问题，例如，关于（i）全球碳循环、（ii）粮食和纤维生产以及（iii）水资源的跨领域研究。国际地圈生物圈方案的新重点将在很大程度上通过国际地圈生物圈方案开放科学会议来确定，该会议将在一系列层面上介绍全球变化研究的最新成果：围绕国际地圈生物圈方案各个核心项目开展的研究以及这些项目之间的综合研究; IGBP和WCRP、IHDP、Diversitas、全球变化分析系统之间的研究，研究和培训（START），其他区域方案，以及这些综合努力所依据的个人研究项目。会议还将确定研究人类活动与自然过程密切相关的复杂行星系统的新方法。国际地圈-生物圈计划科学委员会、其官员及其秘书处将领导国际地圈-生物圈计划科学议程的规划工作;促进方案的启动、监督和经常审查方案的执行情况;促进收集的数据和科学成果的存档和交流;制定测量和数据分析标准;领导研究的整合和综合，使之成为一个连贯和全面的全球图景;避免工作和资源使用的重复;并将研究结果和数据传达给一些受众。

The goal of the IGBP is to improve understanding of the interactive physical, chemical and biological processes that regulate the Earth system; the unique environment that it provides for life; the changes that are occurring in this system; and the manner in which they are influenced by, and in turn influence, human actions. The IGBP scientific program, which was implemented initially around eight "core projects" addressing specific multi-disciplinary aspects of the Earth system, is being restructured into a more concise and integrated structure reflecting the dynamics of the Earth system, with broad activities organized around main components of the system-atmosphere, ocean and land-and, equally importantly, at the interfaces between these components. Two overarching and integrating activities-the Global Analysis, Integration and Modeling program (GAIM) and the Study of Past Global Changes (PAGES) - will address the Earth system as a whole. This new focus on the Earth system will also address issues of major societal importance which link strongly to changes in Earth system dynamics, particularly global sustainability, e.g., cross-cutting research on (i) the global carbon cycle, (ii) food and fiber production, and (iii) water resources. The new focus for the IGBP will be developed in large part through the IGBP Open Science Conference, which will present the latest results of global change research at a series of levels: research conducted throught the individual IGBP core projects and research integrated across these projects; research that has been integrated between the IGBP and the WCRP, the IHDP, Diversitas, the Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training(START), other regional programs, and individual research projects on which these integrated efforts are based. The Conference will also identify new approaches to study of the complex planetary system in which human activities are closely linked with natural processes. The IGBP's Scientific Committee, its IGBP's Officers, and its Secretariat will lead planning for the IGBP's scientific agenda; promote initiation, oversee and keep under review implementation of the program; foster archiving and exchange of collected data and scientific results; develop standards for measurements and data analysis; lead integration and synthesis of the research into a coherent and comprehensive global picture; avoid duplication of effort and resource use; and communicate research results and data to a number of audiences.