Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Determining Early Elite Strategies through Household Excavations in the northern Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru

在Mark S博士的指导下，Aldenderfer，Elizabeth Klarich将在2001年夏季和秋季为她的博士论文收集数据。她将指导Pucara（公元前200年-公元400年）的发掘工作，该遗址位于秘鲁的的喀喀湖盆地西北部，海拔3950 masl。在上形成时期，普卡拉是的的喀喀地区的两个主要人口中心之一。该遗址被描述为早期城市中心，仪式中心，复杂酋长领地的中心，更广泛地说，是陶瓷风格地区的中心。Pucara以前的考古研究已经澄清了纪念性公共建筑和周围土墩建筑群的布局，定义了经典的Pukara装饰陶瓷和巨石，并在1平方公里的场地内定位了两个不同的住宅建筑区域。在早期的复杂社会中，如普卡拉，精英们通过一系列经济、政治和社会策略来获得和维持权力。普卡拉政体组织有三种主要模式，每种模式都强调上层形成时期精英所使用的不同策略。虽然这些模型有可能提供重要的见解，但每个模型都只基于现场有限的挖掘数据。因此，如果不收集额外的数据，就不可能对这些模型进行评估。拟议的挖掘将在住宅建筑的中心区域进行，以了解这个早期区域中心的精英家庭经济组织。将挖掘出广阔的水平区域，以确定当时的活动区域，并确定精英大院内的一般家庭组织。这些化合物最初由阿尔弗雷德·基德尔二世于1939年发现，在现代地面上看不到。根据2000年秋季收集的地球物理调查数据（地面穿透雷达和铯磁力计）选定了挖掘区块。挖掘数据从家庭-的主要位置的生产，消费和分配活动在前工业社会-将被用来确定什么类型的经济，政治和仪式的战略参与了发展和维护的Pukara精英。复杂社会的兴起在世界许多地方都是独立发生的虽然历史偶然性在塑造个体轨迹方面发挥了作用，但通过跨区域比较，考古学家可以深入了解共同的潜在过程。克拉里奇女士的研究将为这样一个案例提供更多的信息。它将产生许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Mark S. Aldenderfer, Elizabeth Klarich will collect data for her doctoral dissertation during the summer and fall of 2001. She will direct excavations at Pucara (200 BC- AD 400), a site located in the northwestern Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru at an elevation of 3950 masl. During the Upper Formative Period, Pucara was one of two major population centers in the Titicaca region. The site has been characterized as an early urban center, a ceremonial center, the center of a complex chiefdom, and more generally as the center of a ceramic style region. Previous archaeological research at Pucara has clarified the layout of the monumental public architecture and surrounding mound complexes, defined Classic Pukara decorated ceramics and monoliths, and located two areas of distinct residential architecture within the 1 km2 site. Within early complex societies such as Pucara, elites gain and maintain power using a number of economic, political, and social strategies. There are three major models for Pukara polity organization, each emphasizing different strategies used by elites during the Upper Formative Period. While the models have the potential to provide significant insights, each is based on only limited excavation data from the site. Consequently, it is impossible to evaluate these models without collecting additional data. The proposed excavations will be conducted in a central area of residential architecture in order to understand the organization of elite domestic economy in this early regional center. Broad, horizontal areas will be excavated in order to locate contemporaneous activity areas and determine general household organization within elite compounds. These compounds, originally located in 1939 by Alfred Kidder II, are not visible on the modern ground surface. Excavation blocks have been selected based on geophysical survey data (ground penetrating radar and cesium magnetometer) collected during the fall of 2000. Excavation data from households-- the predominant location of production, consumption, and distribution activities within preindustrial societies-- will be used to determine what type of economic, political, and ritual strategies were involved in the development and maintenance of Pukara elites. The rise of complex societies occurred independently in many parts of the world Although historical contingency played a role in shaping individual trajectories, through cross region comparison archaeologists gain insight into common underlying processes. MS Klarich's research will provide additional information on one such case. It will yield data of interest to many archaeologists and assist in training a promising young scientist.