Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Determining Early Elite Strategies through Household Excavations in the northern Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru

在马克·S·阿尔登德费尔博士的指导下，伊丽莎白·克拉里奇将在2001年夏季和秋季为她的博士论文收集数据。她将指导普卡拉(公元前200年-公元400年)的发掘工作，这是一个位于秘鲁喀喀湖盆地西北部海拔3950毫升的遗址。在上形成期，普卡拉是喀喇嘛地区的两个主要人口中心之一。该遗址的特点是早期的城市中心，仪式中心，复杂的酋长领地的中心，更广泛地说，是陶瓷风格区域的中心。之前在普卡拉的考古研究已经澄清了纪念性公共建筑和周围丘陵建筑群的布局，定义了经典的普卡拉装饰陶瓷和单体，并在1平方公里的遗址内定位了两个截然不同的住宅建筑区域。在像普卡拉这样的早期复杂社会中，精英阶层使用一系列经济、政治和社会战略来获得和维持权力。普卡拉政治组织有三种主要模式，每一种模式都强调精英在形成后期使用的不同策略。虽然这些模型有可能提供重要的见解，但每个模型都只基于有限的遗址挖掘数据。因此，如果不收集额外的数据，就不可能对这些模型进行评估。拟议的挖掘将在住宅建筑的中心区域进行，以了解这个早期区域中心的精英家庭经济的组织。将挖掘广阔的水平区域，以定位同期的活动区域，并确定精英大院内的一般家庭组织。这些化合物最初由阿尔弗雷德·基德尔二世于1939年发现，在现代地面上看不到。挖掘区块是根据2000年秋季收集的地球物理调查数据(探地雷达和铯磁强计)选定的。来自家庭的挖掘数据--前工业化社会中生产、消费和分配活动的主要地点--将被用来确定普卡拉精英的发展和维护涉及什么类型的经济、政治和仪式战略。复杂社会的兴起在世界许多地区独立发生，尽管历史偶然性在塑造个人轨迹方面发挥了作用，考古学家通过跨地区比较获得了对共同潜在过程的洞察。克拉里奇女士的研究将为其中一个案例提供更多信息。它将产生许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Mark S. Aldenderfer, Elizabeth Klarich will collect data for her doctoral dissertation during the summer and fall of 2001. She will direct excavations at Pucara (200 BC- AD 400), a site located in the northwestern Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru at an elevation of 3950 masl. During the Upper Formative Period, Pucara was one of two major population centers in the Titicaca region. The site has been characterized as an early urban center, a ceremonial center, the center of a complex chiefdom, and more generally as the center of a ceramic style region. Previous archaeological research at Pucara has clarified the layout of the monumental public architecture and surrounding mound complexes, defined Classic Pukara decorated ceramics and monoliths, and located two areas of distinct residential architecture within the 1 km2 site. Within early complex societies such as Pucara, elites gain and maintain power using a number of economic, political, and social strategies. There are three major models for Pukara polity organization, each emphasizing different strategies used by elites during the Upper Formative Period. While the models have the potential to provide significant insights, each is based on only limited excavation data from the site. Consequently, it is impossible to evaluate these models without collecting additional data. The proposed excavations will be conducted in a central area of residential architecture in order to understand the organization of elite domestic economy in this early regional center. Broad, horizontal areas will be excavated in order to locate contemporaneous activity areas and determine general household organization within elite compounds. These compounds, originally located in 1939 by Alfred Kidder II, are not visible on the modern ground surface. Excavation blocks have been selected based on geophysical survey data (ground penetrating radar and cesium magnetometer) collected during the fall of 2000. Excavation data from households-- the predominant location of production, consumption, and distribution activities within preindustrial societies-- will be used to determine what type of economic, political, and ritual strategies were involved in the development and maintenance of Pukara elites. The rise of complex societies occurred independently in many parts of the world Although historical contingency played a role in shaping individual trajectories, through cross region comparison archaeologists gain insight into common underlying processes. MS Klarich's research will provide additional information on one such case. It will yield data of interest to many archaeologists and assist in training a promising young scientist.