Dissertation Research: Design for a Pluralistic City: Multimodal Transportation in Oakland, California

论文研究：多元化城市设计：加利福尼亚州奥克兰的多式联运

• 批准号: 0115302
• 负责人: Kim Fortun
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2002-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0115302&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Design; Pluralistic; City

This dissertation research project proposes to study the design of urban multimodal transportation in the United States. It will examine interdependent technical, organizational, and cultural changes directed at diversifying existing transportation infrastructures. It includes formal design processes and people's everyday experiences to understand how "the street" and "safety" are negotiated in designing for pedestrian, bicycle, automobile, bus, and rail modes. The organizing concept of multimodal design focuses the research on the negotiation of diversity in designing for multiple and potentially conflicting needs. This project will examine how diverse perspectives on these five modes grapple with the technical, organizational, and cultural inertia of existing infrastructure to design a shared infrastructure that meets the needs of pluralistic populations. In the United States, multimodal transportation is a timely topic because of the possibilities for change afforded by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA, 1991) and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21, 1998). Following on the completion of the Eisenhower Interstate Highway System, this legislation marks a shift in United States trans-portation policy away from road construction as the primary solution to transportation problems. In response to political concerns over previous highway policy, this legislation also increases the role of metropolitan- and state-level decision making. This research will examine how multimodal design addresses automobile dependence and its attendant problems of air pollution, urban sprawl, and oil dependency by providing viable transportation alternatives in people's everyday lives. It is socially significant for assessing the role of nongovernmental organizations in transportation change, opportunities for broader participation in design, and best practices in design processes, programs, and policies that foster political stability and environmental sustainability. The project uses the city of Oakland, California as a research site including pedestrian, bicycle, automobile, bus, and rail modes. Each mode will be examined through the transportation planners, elected officials, advocates, and residents who shape and are shaped by these modes. One year of field research will use the following data collection methods: 1) thirty-five focused interviews with transportation planners, elected officials, and advocates on the design of multimodal transportation; 2) fifteen informant photography and photo-elicitation interviews with residents on their everyday experiences of urban travel; and 3) participant/observation in public hearings, advocacy meetings, and educational outreach on transportation projects. These three data sets will be analyzed to identify social worlds that negotiate the design of the street and safety for the five transportation modes. The field research will be situated in the context of regional, state, and federal policy and the cultural significance of these transportation modes.

本论文的研究课题是研究美国城市多式联运的设计。它将研究相互依赖的技术，组织和文化的变化，旨在使现有的交通基础设施多样化。它包括正式的设计过程和人们的日常经验，以了解如何在设计行人，自行车，汽车，公共汽车和铁路模式时协商“街道”和“安全”。多模态设计的组织概念集中在研究设计中的多样性和潜在冲突的需求的协商。该项目将研究这五种模式的不同观点如何与现有基础设施的技术，组织和文化惯性相结合，以设计满足多元化人口需求的共享基础设施。在美国，多式联运是一个及时的话题，因为多式联运地面运输效率法（ISTEA，1991年）和运输公平法为21世纪（TEA-21，1998年）提供了变革的可能性。随着艾森豪威尔州际公路系统的完成，这项立法标志着美国运输政策的转变，不再把道路建设作为解决运输问题的主要办法。为了回应对以前公路政策的政治关注，这项立法还增加了大都市和州一级决策的作用。本研究将探讨多模态设计如何解决汽车依赖及其伴随的空气污染，城市扩张和石油依赖问题，通过提供可行的交通替代方案，在人们的日常生活。这是社会意义的评估非政府组织在交通变化中的作用，更广泛地参与设计的机会，以及在设计过程中的最佳实践，计划和政策，促进政治稳定性和环境的可持续性。该项目以加州的奥克兰市为研究地点，包括步行、自行车、汽车、公共汽车和铁路模式。每一种模式将通过交通规划者，民选官员，倡导者和居民谁塑造和塑造这些模式进行审查。为期一年的实地研究将采用以下数据收集方法：1）对交通规划者、民选官员和多式联运设计倡导者进行35次重点访谈; 2）对居民进行15次信息摄影和照片启发式访谈，了解他们的日常城市旅行经历;以及3）参与/观察关于交通项目的公开听证会、宣传会议和教育推广。这三个数据集将被分析，以确定社会世界，谈判的街道设计和安全的五种交通方式。实地研究将位于区域，州和联邦政策和这些交通方式的文化意义的背景下。