Environmental Health Governance in Six Cities: How Scientific Cultures, Practices and Infrastructure Shape Governance Styles

六座城市的环境健康治理：科学文化、实践和基础设施如何塑造治理风格

• 批准号: 1535888
• 负责人: Kim Fortun
• 金额: $ 30.21万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1535888&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Environmental; Health; Governance; Six; Cities

General Audience Summary This project will focus on efforts to understand and address the health effects of long term exposure to transportation-related air pollution in six cities: Albany, New York City, Philadelphia, Houston, Beijing, and Bengalura. In each city studied, project researchers will examine the operation and use of science in four arenas of governance: environment, health, transportation and education. They will explore how these different arenas interrelate, and they will map the sources of scientific evidence used in governance, how these sources are evaluated, and translated into policy and programming. They will also document and analyze the scientific infrastructures that produced the findings used in governance, the diversity of stakeholders involved in interpreting scientific findings, and diverse cultural logics that shape the creation and use of scientific knowledge in different settings. Ethnographic interviews will be the primary means of data collection, supplemented by analyses of scientific publications, policy debates, and media coverage. The final stage of the project will result in recommendations that will be actively disseminated among policy makers, journalists and other stakeholders in all cities and countries studied in the project. Project results will also be translated into curriculum for K-undergraduate students, using the techniques and infrastructure developed by RPI's EcoEd Research Group.Technical Summary This project is an innovative extension of an ongoing project, The Asthma Files project. The digital platform built for the ongoing project will support collaboration among researchers (including student researchers) involved in the new project. In addition, there will be in each city a field school to teach the project's methods to students. The aim of the project is to advance understanding of different ways scientific capacity is developed and used in governance, examining how environmental health research and governance has developed. The project will result in a theoretically robust, empirically grounded conception of environmental health research and governance styles, detailing and categorizing different ways of developing environmental health data, advancing the sciences of environment and health, and directing these toward governance of complex problems. It will extend theorization of governance by addressing how scientific cultures, practices, and infrastructure shape governance processes and outcomes; and it will test and stabilize the process and cyberinfrastructure needed to support collaborative research in the social studies of science. Project results will have wide implications in efforts to improve collaboration between governance regimes (across scale, and between nations); such collaboration is particularly important in addressing complex, often trans-boundary problems like air pollution, which call for new levels of cooperation and sharing of technology, data, and effective policy design.

该项目将重点关注以下六个城市长期暴露于交通相关空气污染对健康的影响：奥尔巴尼、纽约市、费城、休斯顿、北京和本加卢拉。在每一个被研究的城市，项目研究人员将检查科学在四个治理领域的运作和使用：环境、卫生、交通和教育。他们将探索这些不同的领域如何相互关联，他们将绘制用于治理的科学证据的来源，如何评估这些来源，并将其转化为政策和规划。他们还将记录和分析产生用于治理的研究结果的科学基础设施，参与解释科学发现的利益相关者的多样性，以及在不同环境中塑造科学知识的创造和使用的不同文化逻辑。人种学访谈将是数据收集的主要手段，辅之以科学出版物、政策辩论和媒体报道的分析。该项目的最后阶段将提出建议，这些建议将在该项目所研究的所有城市和国家的决策者、记者和其他利益攸关方之间积极传播。项目成果也将被转化为K-本科生的课程，使用的技术和基础设施，由RPI的EcoEd研究小组开发。技术总结这个项目是一个正在进行的项目，哮喘档案项目的创新扩展。为正在进行的项目建立的数字平台将支持参与新项目的研究人员（包括学生研究人员）之间的合作。此外，每个城市都将有一所实地学校向学生教授该项目的方法。该项目的目的是增进对发展科学能力和将其用于治理的不同方式的了解，审查环境卫生研究和治理是如何发展的。该项目将产生一个理论上强大的，以经验为基础的环境健康研究和治理风格的概念，详细说明和分类开发环境健康数据的不同方式，推进环境和健康科学，并将这些导向复杂问题的治理。它将通过解决科学文化，实践和基础设施如何塑造治理过程和结果来扩展治理的理论化;它将测试和稳定支持科学社会研究合作研究所需的过程和网络基础设施。项目结果将对改善治理制度之间（跨规模和国家之间）的合作产生广泛影响;这种合作对于解决复杂的、往往是跨界的问题（如空气污染）尤其重要，因为这些问题需要更高水平的合作和技术、数据共享以及有效的政策设计。