SGER: Analysis of Exterally-Sustained MMHD Processes for Enhanced Electrical Power Generation Efficiency Using Gas from Reformed Coal

[0120617英里]该研究项目将探索电子束持续MHD发电的潜力，以提高先进地面燃煤电厂的电力效率。在传统的MHD中，所需的高温（即使是播种）会导致大量的氮氧化物产生。电子束持续MHD能够在相对较低的温度下运行，而不需要在流动中添加种子材料。较低的温度允许探索各种新的，可能的高效率，低污染的方法，其中最理想的是利用高火焰温度驱动高速，低温超声速流，通过超声速膨胀快速淬火氮氧化物的形成。电子束持续MHD提供的电导率主动控制也为MHD过程的先进控制方法打开了大门，特别是抑制寄生电流路径，并允许在动态模式下运行，这可能会提高性能。电子束沿着磁力线进入MHD通道，电导率由产生的二次电子维持。为了抑制电子损失率，通道必须在低压下运行。对于地面设施来说，这意味着气流需要达到超音速。由于沿壁煤渣的存在将导致电子束传输到MHD通道的困难，因此研究的主要重点将是检查电子束MHD概念与将煤转化为氢气和二氧化碳的新膜技术气化过程的耦合。MHD具有通过在比涡轮入口温度限制更高的温度下燃烧更有效的氢电转换的潜力。本研究通过在超声速喷管中独立控制燃烧温度，通过动力学速率差控制氮氧化物的形成，以及电导率曲线的优化，探索电子束持续MHD高效转化的可能性。模型表明，如果电子损失率最小化，电子束的成本可以相对较小。

0120617MilesThis research program will explore the potential of electron beam sustained MHD power generation for enhancing the electrical efficiency of advanced ground based coal fired power plants. In conventional MHD, the high temperatures that are required (even with seeding) lead to significant oxides of nitrogen production. The electron beam sustained MHD has the capability of operating at relatively cool temperatures, without the need for seed material to be added to the flow. The lower temperature allows of a variety of new, possibly high efficiency, low polluting approaches to be explored, the most desirable of which would be the utilization of the high flame temperature to drive a high velocity, low temperature supersonic flow with rapid quenching of the formation of oxides of nitrogen through a supersonic expansion. The active control of the conductivity that electron beam sustained MHD affords also opens the door to advanced methods of control for MHD processes, particularly to suppress parasitic current paths and permit operation in dynamic modes that might allow for improved performance. The electron beams enter the MHD channel along magnetic field lines, and the conductivity is sustained by the secondary electrons that are produced. To suppress the electron loss rate, the channel must be operated at low pressure. For ground based facilities, this means the flow will need to be supersonic. Since the presence of coal slag along the walls will cause difficulty with electron beam transmission into the MHD channel, the main focus of the research will be to examine the coupling of the electron beam MHD concept together with new membrane technology gasification processes that convert coal to hydrogen and CO2. MHD has the potential for more efficient electrical conversion of hydrogen through combustion at a temperature higher than is possible with turbine inlet temperature limits. This research explores the possibility of e-beam sustained MHD for high efficiency conversion by independentlycontrolling the combustion temperature through combustion in a supersonic nozzle, the formation of oxides of nitrogen through kinetic rate differentials, and the optimization of the conductivity profiles. Modeling indicates that the cost of the electron beams can be relatively small if the electron loss rate is minimized.