SGER: Identification of ancient Sin Nombre Hantavirus in the Prehistoric Southwest

sinnombre汉坦病毒（SNV）是一种高毒力的啮齿动物传播病毒，可引起人类通常致命的汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS）。这种疾病在美国西南部发病率最高。该病原体的啮齿动物载体为常见的鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）。这种病毒的古老，以及HPS在西南地区的高频率，引发了人们对它在该地区人类史前时期所起作用的质疑。该地区的史前人口是定居的、人口密度高的玉米农人。当时的粮食储存和加工过程会增加人与老鼠的接触。本探索性项目将使用已建立的古代DNA方法，试图从美国西南部考古发现的马尼拉马尾猿遗骸中恢复sinnombre病毒的诊断核酸。这些样本预计有1000 - 2000年的历史，并将使用碳14直接测定年代。除了古老的DNA方法外，还将尝试免疫组织化学和免疫荧光方法检测SNV特异性抗原和抗体。该项目的目的是记录西南史前时期SNV作为潜在疾病媒介的存在。SNV在古代作为病媒存在的证明对该地区史前种群动态具有各种影响。

Sin Nombre Hantavirus (SNV) is a highly virulent, rodent-borne virus that causes the often fatal Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in humans. The highest frequencies of this disease are found in the US Southwest. The rodent vector of the pathogen is the common deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. The antiquity of the virus, and the high frequency of HPS in the Southwest, raise questions about its role in human prehistory in the region. Prehistoric populations of the region were sedentary, high population density maize agriculturalists. Grain storage and processing practices of the time would have increased human-mouse contact.This exploratory project will use established ancient DNA methods to attempt to recover diagnostic nucleic acids of Sin Nombre Virus from archaeologically recovered remains of P. maniculatus in the US Southwest. Samples are expected to be 1,000-2,000 years old and will be directly dated using carbon-14. In addition to ancient DNA methods, immunohistochemical and immunoflorescent methods for the detection of antigens and antibodies specific to SNV will be attempted. The purpose of the project is to document the presence of SNV as a potential disease vector during Southwestern prehistory. Demonstration of SNV presence as a disease vector in antiquity has a variety of implications for prehistoric population dynamics in the region.