SGER: Identification of ancient Sin Nombre Hantavirus in the Prehistoric Southwest

汉坦病毒（SNV）是一种高毒性的啮齿动物传播的病毒，可导致人类致命的汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS）。 这种疾病的最高频率出现在美国西南部。 该病原体的啮齿类媒介是常见的鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）。 该病毒的古老性以及西南地区HPS的高频率，引发了人们对其在该地区人类史前史中作用的质疑。 该地区的史前人口是定居的，人口密度高的玉米农学家。 当时的谷物储存和加工实践增加了人鼠接触。这个探索性项目将使用已建立的古代DNA方法，试图从美国西南部考古发现的P. maniculatus遗骸中恢复Sin Nombre病毒的诊断核酸。 这些样本的年龄预计在1000 - 2000年之间，并将使用碳-14直接测定年代。 除了古老的DNA方法，免疫组织化学和免疫荧光法检测抗原和抗体特异性SNV将尝试。 该项目的目的是记录SNV作为西南史前时期潜在疾病载体的存在。 证明SNV存在作为一种疾病载体在古代有各种影响的史前人口动态在该地区。

Sin Nombre Hantavirus (SNV) is a highly virulent, rodent-borne virus that causes the often fatal Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in humans. The highest frequencies of this disease are found in the US Southwest. The rodent vector of the pathogen is the common deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. The antiquity of the virus, and the high frequency of HPS in the Southwest, raise questions about its role in human prehistory in the region. Prehistoric populations of the region were sedentary, high population density maize agriculturalists. Grain storage and processing practices of the time would have increased human-mouse contact.This exploratory project will use established ancient DNA methods to attempt to recover diagnostic nucleic acids of Sin Nombre Virus from archaeologically recovered remains of P. maniculatus in the US Southwest. Samples are expected to be 1,000-2,000 years old and will be directly dated using carbon-14. In addition to ancient DNA methods, immunohistochemical and immunoflorescent methods for the detection of antigens and antibodies specific to SNV will be attempted. The purpose of the project is to document the presence of SNV as a potential disease vector during Southwestern prehistory. Demonstration of SNV presence as a disease vector in antiquity has a variety of implications for prehistoric population dynamics in the region.