COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: IPY: Reconstruction of Human Genetic History Along the North Slope

摘要该合作项目将记录阿拉斯加北坡史前和现代人类种群遗传变异的地理模式，并评估阿拉斯加北极地区的古代居民与整个北极地区的当代因纽皮克人之间的关系。这将通过在考古衍生的史前样本和阿拉斯加北海岸当代人群中对母系遗传的线粒体（mt）DNA序列、父系遗传的y染色体标记以及双亲遗传的常染色体遗传标记进行表征来实现。直接比较史前种群及其可能的现代后代的遗传变异模式，并将这种生物变异置于考古（时间）背景下，是重建种群历史的有力工具。尽管史前遗传数据将来自著名的考古环境（例如，Nuvuk），但研究小组还将直接确定史前材料的子样本的年代，以确认样本的时间位置。他们还将从古代样品中获得稳定的同位素数据，以促进史前饮食，该地区的古生态的重建，并有助于古代迁移/殖民事件的重建。这个项目所产生的现存和史前人口的数据，将提供美国西北北极地区因纽特人的明确遗传特征，并允许测试关于北极东部因纽特人口起源的几个假设。此外，在这里进行的研究将允许更详细的分析和了解横跨北美高纬度北极的北极扩张，这是最后一次伟大的跨大陆迁徙和殖民事件之一。对这种人类分散的更全面的了解将使我们能够识别快速殖民，替代与混合殖民模式的遗传特征，并有助于澄清北美北极人口的起源和历史。

AbstractThis collaborative project will document geographic patterns of genetic variation in both prehistoric and modern human populations along the North Slope of Alaska and assess how the ancient residents of arctic Alaska are related to contemporary Inupiaq populations throughout the circumarctic region. This will be achieved by the characterization of maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequences, paternally inherited Y-chromosome markers, as well as biparentally inherited autosomal genetic markers in both the archaeologically derived prehistoric samples and the contemporary populations of the North coast of Alaska. Direct comparison of patterns of genetic variation in prehistoric populations and their possible modern descendants, and the placement of this biological variation in archaeological (temporal) context, is a powerful tool for the reconstruction of population history. Although the prehistoric genetic data will come from well-known archaeological contexts (e.g., Nuvuk), the research team will also directly date a subsample of the prehistoric material to confirm the temporal placement of the samples. They will also generate stable isotope data from the ancient samples to facilitate reconstruction of prehistoric diets, paleoecology of the region, and contribute to the reconstruction of ancient migration/colonization events. The data to be generated by this project, on both extant and prehistoric populations, will afford a definitive genetic characterization of the Inupiat people of the northwestern American arctic, and permit testing several hypotheses regarding the origin of the eastern arctic Inuit population. Additionally, the research undertaken here will permit a much more detailed analysis and understanding of the Thule expansion across the North American high arctic, one of the last great transcontinental migrations and colonization events. A fuller understanding of this human dispersal will permit us to identify genetic signatures of rapid colonization, replacement versus admixing colonization models, and help clarify the origin and history of North American arctic populations.