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Issues in the History of Transport Systems, the Environment and Mint Metal Shipments in Quing China

中国清代运输系统、环境和铸币金属运输的历史问题

基本信息

批准号：
15274957
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Barbara Mittler
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Sinologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Units
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2004-12-31 至 2012-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/15274957?language=en
关键词：
Issues History Transport Systems Environment

项目摘要

The transport of mint metals constituted one of the major organizational challenges to Qing-period money minting. While almost all mint metal mines where located in southwestern China, the metropolitan mint in Beijing remained by far the most important. Although the origin of the mint metals was dictated by natural conditions and shifts in the patterns of international trade, the location of the mints was upheld on political grounds. As a result, transports over huge distances and difficult routes had to be dealt with. Metals from the most productive mines were shipped over a distance of over 6,000 km and took two years to reach the capital. This project makes use of the outstandingly dense archival materials on mint metal transports, together with a wide range of other sources, from local gazetteers to literary writings, to explore the transports with regard to the technologies and organizational structures involved and to the perceptions of transportation and how these fed into practices of the period or into historical interpretations. Combining approaches of technological, social and economic history with analytical methods of literary analysis, this project addresses major issues in transport history, such as the question of cost and efficacy, technologies for dangerous waterways and mountain trails and the question of technological standstill from the Song period onwards, and the question on state leadership and efficacy in infrastructure projects and maintenance. Last but not least, the project will probe stereotypical images of transporters, attempting to gain a clearer picture of concrete practices and social roles.

铸币金属的运输是清朝货币铸造的主要组织挑战之一。虽然几乎所有造币厂金属矿山都位于中国西南部，但北京的大都会造币厂仍然是迄今为止最重要的。尽管造币厂金属的来源是由自然条件和国际贸易模式的变化决定的，但造币厂的位置是出于政治原因而得以维持的。因此，必须解决长途运输和困难路线的问题。来自产量最高的矿山的金属经过 6,000 多公里的运输，花了两年时间才到达首都。该项目利用关于造币厂金属运输的极其密集的档案材料，以及从当地地名词典到文学作品的广泛其他来源，探索运输所涉及的技术和组织结构、对运输的看法以及这些如何融入该时期的实践或历史解释。该项目将技术史、社会史和经济史的方法与文学分析的分析方法相结合，解决了运输史上的重大问题，例如成本和效率问题、危险水道和山道的技术以及宋代以来的技术停滞问题，以及国家在基础设施项目和维护方面的领导力和效率问题。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，该项目将探讨运输者的刻板形象，试图更清晰地了解具体实践和社会角色。