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OPP-PRF: Investigating 2.5k Years of Human History and Atmospheric Transport in Greenland Ice Using High-Resolution Lead Isotopic Records

OPP-PRF：利用高分辨率铅同位素记录研究 2500 年的人类历史和格陵兰冰层的大气传输

基本信息

批准号：
2138782
负责人：
Sophia Wensman
金额：
$ 32.79万
依托单位：
Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-10-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2138782&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
OPP PRF Investigating 2.5k Years

项目摘要

Polar ice sheets and glaciers record changes in climate and the environment during recent decades, centuries, and millennia. Lead pollution found in cores extracted from polar ice sheets and glaciers reflects human activities, including mining and smelting related to early silver production, as well as coal, oil, and gasoline burning. Isotopic analyses of lead in glacier ice can be used to identify past changes in emission sources. Lead isotopes will be measured in five Greenland ice cores to identify and quantify changes in Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic emission sources during the past 2500 years and to evaluate linkages between these changes and historical events extending from antiquity to the present. These records have the potential to transform understanding of how events such as plague, social upheaval, warfare, and technological advancements in mining and smelting influenced human history. The investigator will serve as an instructor for the Interdisciplinary Graduate and Early Career Researcher Consilience Workshop on Ice Core Science and Natural Archives in Fall 2022 sharing techniques and preliminary results and will participate in other outreach activities focused on improving accessibility and inclusivity in STEM fields. Lead (Pb) isotopes will be measured in existing discrete meltwater samples collected from four previously analyzed ice cores (NGRIP2, NASAU, RECAP, and NUUS_2015), as well as a fifth core (Tunu_2022) to be collected and analyzed in 2022 as part of an ongoing NSF project (1925417). Recently developed methods allow isotopic measurements of 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb with low uncertainties at concentrations as low as 0.05 ng g-1, making high-resolution analyses in ice cores feasible. Refinement of these new methods as part of the proposed research may further increase resolution and improve interpretive power by reducing required concentrations (down to 0.02 ng g-1) and measurement uncertainties of low abundance 204Pb. If successful, such 204Pb measurements would be among the first used to interpret polar ice records. The proposed measurements will improve resolution of pre-20th-century Pb isotopic records from ice, particularly those from antiquity and the medieval period, for which only a handful of values have been published. Evaluation will leverage collaborations between Desert Research Institute and ancient historians, archaeologists, and atmospheric scientists. The detailed Pb source apportionment resulting from this research will be used to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric transport and deposition models widely used for ice core interpretation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

极地冰盖和冰川记录了近几十年、几百年和几千年来气候和环境的变化。从极地冰盖和冰川中提取的岩芯中发现的铅污染反映了人类活动，包括与早期银生产有关的采矿和冶炼，以及煤、石油和汽油燃烧。冰川冰中铅的同位素分析可用于确定排放源的过去变化。将测量五个格陵兰冰芯中的铅同位素，以识别和量化过去2500年来北方人为排放源的变化，并评估这些变化与从古代到现在的历史事件之间的联系。这些记录有可能改变人们对瘟疫、社会动荡、战争以及采矿和冶炼技术进步等事件如何影响人类历史的理解。该研究员将担任讲师的跨学科研究生和早期职业研究员一致性工作坊冰芯科学和自然档案在秋季2022分享技术和初步成果，并将参加其他外展活动，重点是提高在干领域的可访问性和包容性。铅（Pb）同位素将在从四个先前分析的冰芯（NGRIP 2，NASAU，RECAP和NUUS_2015）收集的现有离散融水样本中进行测量，以及作为正在进行的NSF项目（1925417）的一部分，将在2022年收集和分析的第五个冰芯（Tunu_2022）。最近开发的方法允许同位素测量的206铅，207铅，和208铅的浓度低至0.05纳克g-1的不确定性低，使高分辨率分析冰芯可行。作为拟议研究的一部分，这些新方法的改进可能会进一步提高分辨率，并通过降低低丰度204 Pb的所需浓度（降至0.02 ng g-1）和测量不确定性来提高解释能力。如果成功的话，这种204 Pb测量将是第一批用于解释极地冰记录的测量。拟议的测量将提高20世纪前冰铅同位素记录的分辨率，特别是那些来自古代和中世纪时期的记录，其中只有少数值已被公布。评估将利用沙漠研究所与古代历史学家、考古学家和大气科学家之间的合作。详细的铅源分配从这项研究中产生的将被用来评估的准确性，大气传输和沉积模型广泛用于冰芯interpretation.This奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。