OPP-PRF: Investigating 2.5k Years of Human History and Atmospheric Transport in Greenland Ice Using High-Resolution Lead Isotopic Records

OPP-PRF：利用高分辨率铅同位素记录研究 2500 年的人类历史和格陵兰冰层的大气传输

基本信息

批准号：
2138782
负责人：
Sophia Wensman
金额：
$ 32.79万
依托单位：
Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-10-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2138782&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
OPP PRF Investigating 2.5k Years

项目摘要

Polar ice sheets and glaciers record changes in climate and the environment during recent decades, centuries, and millennia. Lead pollution found in cores extracted from polar ice sheets and glaciers reflects human activities, including mining and smelting related to early silver production, as well as coal, oil, and gasoline burning. Isotopic analyses of lead in glacier ice can be used to identify past changes in emission sources. Lead isotopes will be measured in five Greenland ice cores to identify and quantify changes in Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic emission sources during the past 2500 years and to evaluate linkages between these changes and historical events extending from antiquity to the present. These records have the potential to transform understanding of how events such as plague, social upheaval, warfare, and technological advancements in mining and smelting influenced human history. The investigator will serve as an instructor for the Interdisciplinary Graduate and Early Career Researcher Consilience Workshop on Ice Core Science and Natural Archives in Fall 2022 sharing techniques and preliminary results and will participate in other outreach activities focused on improving accessibility and inclusivity in STEM fields. Lead (Pb) isotopes will be measured in existing discrete meltwater samples collected from four previously analyzed ice cores (NGRIP2, NASAU, RECAP, and NUUS_2015), as well as a fifth core (Tunu_2022) to be collected and analyzed in 2022 as part of an ongoing NSF project (1925417). Recently developed methods allow isotopic measurements of 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb with low uncertainties at concentrations as low as 0.05 ng g-1, making high-resolution analyses in ice cores feasible. Refinement of these new methods as part of the proposed research may further increase resolution and improve interpretive power by reducing required concentrations (down to 0.02 ng g-1) and measurement uncertainties of low abundance 204Pb. If successful, such 204Pb measurements would be among the first used to interpret polar ice records. The proposed measurements will improve resolution of pre-20th-century Pb isotopic records from ice, particularly those from antiquity and the medieval period, for which only a handful of values have been published. Evaluation will leverage collaborations between Desert Research Institute and ancient historians, archaeologists, and atmospheric scientists. The detailed Pb source apportionment resulting from this research will be used to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric transport and deposition models widely used for ice core interpretation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

极地冰盖和冰川记录了近几十年，几个世纪和千年的气候和环境的变化。从极地冰盖和冰川提取的核心中发现的铅污染反映了人类活动，包括与早期银生产以及煤炭，石油和汽油燃烧有关的采矿和冶炼。冰川冰中铅的同位素分析可用于识别过去的发射源变化。在过去2500年中，将在五个格陵兰冰芯中测量铅同位素，以识别和量化北半球人为发射源的变化，并评估这些变化与从上古到现在延伸的历史事件之间的联系。这些记录有可能改变人们对瘟疫，社会动荡，战争和技术进步等事件的理解，从而影响了人类历史。研究人员将在2022年秋季共享技术和初步结果的跨学科研究生和早期职业研究员合伙关系研讨会上担任讲师，并将参与其他外展活动，以提高茎领域的可及性和包容性。铅（PB）同位素将在从先前分析的冰芯（NGRIP2，NASAU，RECAP和NUUS_2015）中收集的现有离散融化样品中进行测量，以及在2022年将在2022年进行的第五核（TUNU_2022），作为2022年的NSF Project（1925541）。最近开发的方法允许在低至0.05 ng g-1的浓度下低不确定性的206pb，207pb和208pb的同位素测量值，从而使冰芯可行地进行了高分辨率分析。这些新方法作为拟议研究的一部分的细化可能会进一步提高分辨率并通过降低所需浓度（降至0.02 ng g-1）和低丰度204pb的测量不确定性来提高解释能力。如果成功的话，这样的204pb测量将是最早用于解释极地冰记录的人之一。拟议的测量结果将改善从ICE（尤其是来自古代和中世纪的冰）的20世纪PB同位素记录的分辨率，仅出版了少数值。评估将利用沙漠研究所与古代历史学家，考古学家和大气科学家之间的合作。这项研究产生的详细PB源分配将用于评估大气传输和广泛用于冰核解释的沉积模型的准确性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响审查标准来评估的支持。