Collaborative Research: Chemical Orientation in Turbulent Environments Above Natural Stream Substrates: The Role of Bed Roughness and Turbulence Structure on Search Mechanisms

合作研究：自然溪流基底上方湍流环境中的化学取向：床层粗糙度和湍流结构对搜索机制的作用

• 批准号: 0131320
• 负责人: Paul Moore
• 金额: $ 30.2万
• 依托单位: Bowling Green State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2006-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0131320&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Chemical; Orientation; Turbulent

This collaborative proposal describes research that links stream hydrodynamics, turbulent transport of odor signals, and the sensory ecology and behavior of the crayfish Orconectes rusticus. Crayfish use water-borne chemical signals ("odor plumes") as navigational cues for locating food, burrows, or mates, and for avoiding predators. The nature of the spatial and temporal variability ("structure") of the odor plumes depends on the hydrodynamic conditions, which, in turn, depends on the physical characteristics of the stream. The goal of the proposed research is to understand how crayfish use odor plumes to locate underwater objects. In particular, we plan to investigate how the crayfish navigational behavior varies under different hydrodynamic conditions (associated with different types of stream substrate materials). By focusing our attention to the changes in odorant structure and associated orientation behavior over different substrate types, we hope to gain insight into the specific algorithms and information cues used by the animals. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from the proposed study could be used to design robotic vehicles to search for dangerous underwater objects, or to protect crayfish habitat in managed ecosystems. Environmentally, crayfish are keystone species for many stream habitats and understanding the physical, biological, and chemical factors that influence their behavior will lead to a broader understanding of stream ecology and the human impact on stream ecology. In particular, detailed knowledge of how stream habitats influence the distribution of chemicals will provide the information necessary to understand not only crayfish and stream ecology, but will help elucidate the physical mechanisms behind pollution transportation in streams and their possible impact on stream ecosystems.The work outlined in this proposal is a collaborative effort between a biologist and engineer that will lead to cross-disciplinary training of both graduate and undergraduate students. In addition, new technical advances will be achieved through the development of high-speed and fine-scale three-dimensional measurements of chemical concentrations in different natural flow regimes. The development and quantification of these techniques will benefit a wide array of fields from oceanography to environmental engineering.

这项合作提案描述了将溪流流体动力学、气味信号的湍流传输以及小龙虾Orconectes rusticus的感官生态学和行为联系起来的研究。 小龙虾使用水传播的化学信号（“气味羽流”）作为定位食物、洞穴或配偶以及躲避捕食者的导航线索。 气味羽流的空间和时间可变性（“结构”）的性质取决于流体动力学条件，而流体动力学条件又取决于气流的物理特性。 这项研究的目的是了解小龙虾如何利用气味羽流来定位水下物体。 特别是，我们计划调查如何在不同的水动力条件下（与不同类型的流基质材料）的小龙虾的航行行为的变化。通过将我们的注意力集中在不同基质类型上气味结构和相关取向行为的变化上，我们希望深入了解动物使用的特定算法和信息线索。 最终，从拟议的研究中获得的知识可用于设计机器人车辆，以搜索危险的水下物体，或保护受管理的生态系统中的小龙虾栖息地。 在环境方面，小龙虾是许多溪流栖息地的关键物种，了解影响其行为的物理，生物和化学因素将有助于更广泛地了解溪流生态和人类对溪流生态的影响。特别是，详细了解溪流生境如何影响化学品的分布，不仅可以提供了解小龙虾和溪流生态所需的信息，但将有助于阐明河流中污染物迁移的物理机制及其对河流生态系统的可能影响。本建议书中概述的工作是生物学家和工程师之间的合作努力，将导致交叉-研究生和本科生的学科培训。此外，还将通过发展对不同自然流动状态下化学品浓度的高速和精细三维测量，实现新的技术进步。这些技术的开发和量化将使从海洋学到环境工程的广泛领域受益。