(SGER) Pilot Expedition for Multi-Taxa Biodiversity Surveys in the Bolivian Andes

(SGER) 玻利维亚安第斯山脉多类群生物多样性调查试点考察

• 批准号: 0132842
• 负责人: Eleanor Sterling
• 金额: $ 4.5万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-10-01 至 2003-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0132842&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Pilot; Expedition; Multi; Taxa

AbstractThe tropical Andes are an epicenter of global diversity, containing more plant and vertebrate species and higher levels of endemism than any other biodiversity hotspot. Information on the distribution of species within the Bolivian Andes is critical for conservation priority setting and management, and is of general interest to the fields of taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography. Yet for most taxa, the Bolivian portion ofthis globally important region remains one of the most poorly surveyed segments of the entire Andean chain. The Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), the Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna (CBF), and the Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado (MHNNKM) have formed a consortium to study this poorly surveyed region. The consortium has developed plans for a series of multi-taxa surveys across elevational gradients in two Andean protected areas that the Bolivian government has identified as critical management challenges: Parque Nacional and Area de Manejo Integrado Cotapata and Parque Nacional and Area de Manejo Integrado Amboro. Birds, fish, herpetofauna, and invertebrates will be sampled simultaneously using standardized collection methods along an elevational gradient of over 3000 meters. Large biotic survey projects are increasingly recognized as cost-effective means to making significant progress in understanding the biogeography and systematics of a variety of taxa. But surveys of this magnitude require extensive logistical and methodological considerations. In preparation for this major initiative, a pilot survey at a single site in Parque Nacional and Area de Manejo Integrado Amboro, Bolivia, will be conducted to initiate the consortium's field activities and finalize protocols for future surveys. Goals for the proposed pilot survey are to: 1) Quantify the amount of time and sampling effort necessary either to reach an asymptote in species encounter rates or to statistically estimate the true species richness at a site. 2) Evaluate the feasibility of barcoding and tracking specimens from the time of their collection at remote field sites, through the preparation and identification phases, to their accession into museum collections. 3) Fully standardize invertebrate sampling methods. 4) Send a small team to visit each of the additional proposed study sites in Amoboro and Cotapata in order to efficiently coordinate future visits. The development of a suite of standardized biodiversity survey techniques and quantifying the sampling effort needed to adequately assess species richness or endemism has the potential to make biodiversity surveys more efficient and extend their application to wider areas. The use of microbarcode and databasing technologies is already leading to enormous efficiencies in biodiversity surveys and collection management, particularly for invertebrates. By developing and implementing field-based protocols for using these technologies, this study will help expand the application of these digital advances to field surveys. The results of this pilot expedition will help streamline the design and execution of multi-taxa surveys in Andean regions, and will in particular inform the design of the proposed series of surveys in Bolivia.

热带安第斯山脉是全球生物多样性的震中，比其他任何生物多样性热点都包含更多的植物和脊椎动物物种，以及更高水平的特有物种。关于玻利维亚安第斯山脉内物种分布的信息对于确定保护重点和管理至关重要，并且对分类学、分类学和生物地理学领域具有普遍意义。然而，对于大多数分类群来说，这一全球重要地区的玻利维亚部分仍然是整个安第斯山脉中调查最少的部分之一。美国自然历史博物馆(AMNH)的生物多样性与保护中心(CBC)、玻利维亚动物博物馆(CBF)和自然历史博物馆(MHNNKM)组成了一个联盟来研究这一调查较少的地区。该财团已经制定了在两个安第斯保护区进行一系列跨海拔梯度的多分类群调查计划，玻利维亚政府已将这两个保护区视为关键的管理挑战：国家公园和马内霍国家公园和国家公园和马内霍国家保护区和安博罗地区。鸟类、鱼类、两栖动物和无脊椎动物将在海拔3000米以上的坡度上采用标准化的采集方法同时进行采样。大型生物调查项目日益被认为是在了解各种分类群的生物地理学和系统学方面取得重大进展的具有成本效益的手段。但如此大规模的调查需要广泛的后勤和方法方面的考虑。为筹备这一重大举措，将在玻利维亚国家公园和安博罗马内霍地区的一个地点进行试点调查，以启动该联盟的实地活动，并为今后的调查敲定协议。拟议的试点调查的目标是：1)量化达到物种相遇概率的渐近线所需的时间和采样工作量，或在统计上估计一个地点的真实物种丰富度。2)评估对标本进行条形码和跟踪的可行性，从标本在偏远的外地地点收集开始，到准备和鉴定阶段，直至进入博物馆藏品。3)全面规范无脊椎动物抽样方法。4)派遣一个小组访问阿莫博罗和科塔帕塔的每一个拟议的额外研究地点，以便有效协调今后的访问。开发一套标准化的生物多样性调查技术，并对充分评估物种丰富度或特有特性所需的抽样工作进行量化，有可能提高生物多样性调查的效率，并将其应用于更广泛的领域。微条码和数据库技术的使用已经极大地提高了生物多样性调查和采集管理的效率，特别是对无脊椎动物。通过制定和实施使用这些技术的现场协议，这项研究将有助于扩大这些数字进步在现场调查中的应用。这一试验性考察的结果将有助于简化安第斯地区多分类群调查的设计和执行，特别是将为玻利维亚拟议的系列调查的设计提供参考。