CAREER: Advances in Peer-to-Peer Networking

职业：点对点网络的进步

• 批准号: 0133055
• 负责人: Brian Levine
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0133055&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Advances; Peer; Networking

Metcalfe's law states that the "value" of a network increases with the square of the number of users.However, for most applications, as the number of participants increases, performance degrades, andso too does the value of application to the user. Centralized service and application architecturesare most at risk for not maintaining performance with an increasing user base. Centralized sites canrepresent a processing bottleneck, a single point of failure, or single point ofattack. Furthermore,a single server cannot mitigate for client's poor network conditions in third-party domains. Repli-cating and distributing servers is one solution for solving the problems of centralized architectures. Peer-to-peer services take distribution even further by using collaborative clients who are pre-pared and expected to perform some or all the functions of servers. As new clients bring new loadto the systems, they also bring new resources. Thus, peer-to-peer, collaborative services can be apowerful paradigm: if on average clients bring enough or more than enough resources to balancethe load and cost they incur, then peer-to-peer services can increase in value and performance withthe number of participants. The primary purpose of this proposal is to make fundamental advances in the understanding anddesign of applications and services that make use of replication and collaboration in a peer-to-peerenvironment. Opportunities for the application of peer-to-peer techniques in new disciplines seemlimitless. I propose to examine several applications that are only possible, or achieve their bestperformance, using peer-to-peer architectures and not centralized architectures. These include thenovel peer-to-peer applications of anonymity, secure ad-hoc routing, mobility-based transport forwearable computers, cheat-proof serverless gaming, and distributed information retrieval. There are commonalities to all the numerous peer-to-peer applications we will study: the ex-istence of heterogeneous peer resources, redundancy of offered services at peers, and replication ofapplication data and content. By addressing these issues, the researcher will make important advances in discovery and understanding of peer-to-peer networking and by applying those results to a diverse setof problem areas, the researcher's work will make a broader impact in in fields as diverse as security (privacy, availability, and secure routing), mobile computing, wearable computing, multimedia and gaming,and distributed information retrieval. The major theme of the researcher's proposed educational activities is the involvement of undergraduatesin original research. The goal of the educational proposal is to prepare undergraduate studentsfor graduate school by providing them with an early opportunity toperform research. It consistsof an integrated plan of publishable undergraduate research projects, new course curriculum, thedevelopment of practical lab exercises in networking and network security, distance learning, andminority outreach. By focusing the research of undergraduates on the themes of this proposal, the researcher is ensuring anumber of benefits. First, that the impact of this educational component is tightly integrated withmy research objectives. Second, by coordinating efforts with the director of the Northeast Alliancefor Graduate Education and the Professoriate (NEAGEP), the researcher will improve minority outreach inthe department by preparing and encouraging under-represented minority students to continue onfor doctoral programs at UMass and other universities. Third, the researcher will advance the department'steaching mission by providing a new three-course curriculum of networking and security. Fourth,the researcher will produce a standard set of practical laboratory exercises in networking and network security to be used at any university. Finally, the availability ofmy curriculum and practical exercises, aswell as UMass's existing Video Instruction Program and MANIC distance learning programs, willincrease the external impact of the curriculum.

梅特卡夫定律指出，网络的“价值”与用户数量的平方成正比。然而，对于大多数应用程序来说，随着参与者数量的增加，性能会下降，应用程序对用户的价值也会下降。集中式服务和应用程序架构面临的风险最大，因为它无法在用户群不断增长的情况下保持性能。集中式站点可能是处理瓶颈、单点故障或单点攻击。此外，单个服务器无法缓解客户端在第三方域中的不良网络条件。分配和分布服务器是解决集中式体系结构问题的一种解决方案。 对等服务通过使用协作客户端将分布更进一步，这些协作客户端是预先配置的，并且期望执行服务器的部分或全部功能。当新的客户端给系统带来新的负载时，它们也带来了新的资源。因此，对等协作服务可以是一个强大的范例：如果平均而言，客户端带来足够或超过足够的资源来平衡他们所承担的负载和成本，那么对等服务可以随着参与者的数量而增加价值和性能。 该提案的主要目的是在理解和设计应用程序和服务方面取得根本性进展，这些应用程序和服务在对等网络中使用复制和协作。在新学科中应用对等技术的机会是无限的。我建议检查几个应用程序，这些应用程序只可能使用对等架构而不是集中式架构，或者只可能使用对等架构而不是集中式架构来实现最佳性能。这些包括匿名、安全ad-hoc路由、可穿戴计算机的基于移动性的传输、防作弊的无服务器游戏和分布式信息检索的新型对等应用。 我们将研究的所有众多对等应用程序都有一些共同点：异构对等资源的存在，对等端提供的服务的冗余，以及应用程序数据和内容的复制。通过解决这些问题，研究人员将在发现和理解对等网络方面取得重要进展，并将这些结果应用于不同的问题领域，研究人员的工作将在安全（隐私，可用性和安全路由），移动的计算，可穿戴计算，多媒体和游戏以及分布式信息检索等领域产生更广泛的影响。 研究人员提出的教育活动的主题是让本科生参与原创性研究。教育提案的目标是通过为本科生提供早期的研究机会，为他们进入研究生院做好准备。它包括一个综合性的计划，可持续的本科生研究项目，新的课程设置，在网络和网络安全，远程学习和少数民族推广实践实验室练习的发展。 通过将大学生的研究集中在这个建议的主题上，研究人员确保了许多好处。首先，这种教育成分的影响与我的研究目标紧密结合。第二，通过与东北研究生教育联盟和教授协会（NEAGEP）主任的协调努力，研究人员将通过准备和鼓励代表性不足的少数民族学生继续在麻省大学和其他大学攻读博士学位来改善系内的少数民族外联。第三，研究者将提供一个新的网络和安全三门课程，以推进该部门的教学使命。第四，研究人员将制作一套标准的网络和网络安全实用实验室练习，供任何大学使用。最后，我的课程和实践练习的可用性，以及麻省大学现有的视频教学计划和MANIC远程学习计划，将增加课程的外部影响。