Sociopolitical Organizaton of Chevelon Ruin and the Homol'ovi Settlement Cluster, Northeastern Arizona

亚利桑那州东北部雪维隆遗址和霍莫洛维定居点群的社会政治组织

• 批准号: 0135492
• 负责人: E. Charles Adams
• 金额: $ 23.04万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0135492&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sociopolitical; Organizaton; Chevelon; Ruin; Homol

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. E. Charles Adams and his colleagues will conduct three field seasons of archaeological research at Chevelon Ruin. Chevelon is the third largest member, at 500 rooms, of a cluster of ancestral Hopi settlements in northeastern Arizona collectively called the Homol'ovi cluster. This cluster was occupied from A.D. 1250-1400, a period of enormous political and social change in ancient Pueblo communities throughout the northern Southwest. This change is most clearly evident in increased average village size, which tripled to more than 500 rooms during the cluster's occupation. Excavation has been conducted in five other members of the Homol'ovi cluster enabling Adams and his colleagues to establish the local chronology and study details of village reorganization associated with village growth. Because the cluster is situated along the Little Colorado River and villages were dependent on stream flow for growing crops and drinking water, they were dependent on one another economically and probably interacted politically. Chevelon is located upstream from all but one of the other villages along Chevelon Creek, one of two permanent streams flowing into the Little Colorado River that provide water to the cluster. Chevelon differs from the other villages at Homol'ovi in having five to ten times more ceramics traded from villages 100 km east of the cluster. Either Chevelon had a unique trade relationship with these eastern villages or immigrants from these pueblos lived at Chevelon. The focus of the research will be to locate plaza spaces, abutment and bonding of walls, the presence and location of spinal room blocks, and the location of ritual structures at Chevelon using a total station and wall tracing followed by excavations. An important concept identified in previous excavations in Homol'ovi villages is what we term "enriched deposits." Enriched deposits have high quantities of whole and unusual objects and highly formalized deposits that are associated with ritual activity. The testing program will also look for deposits that have concentrations of exchanged pottery or riparian resources unique to the Chevelon area. The relationship of these deposits to architectural units within Chevelon should inform on the distribution of wealth within the community and the nature of groups or households controlling this wealth. Heterarchal, hierarchical, corporate, and communal models of village organization will be tested. In addition, the connection of the villages through sharing Little Colorado River water suggests cluster-level organization. The location of Chevelon along a permanent stream with potentially unique fauna and flora and its distinctive ceramic assemblage identify objects that could be exchanged with other cluster members. Tracing these objects to previously excavated villages will allow the team to assess the flow of these items from Chevelon to other cluster members and whether these follow patterns associated with confederacy or hierarchical models of cluster organization. The results of this research will inform archaeologists working in the Southwest and elsewhere on the material correlates and associated behaviors to power and sociopolitical organization within non-state societies and how these are expressed beyond the level of the village.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，E。查尔斯亚当斯和他的同事将进行三个季节的考古研究在切弗隆废墟。Chevelon是第三大成员，在500个房间，一个集群的祖先霍皮定居点在亚利桑那州东北部统称为Homol'ovi集群。这一集群被占领从公元1250年至1400年，一个巨大的政治和社会变革的时期，在古代普韦布洛社区在整个北方西南。这一变化最明显的是村庄平均规模的扩大，在集群占领期间，村庄的规模增加了两倍，达到500多个房间。在Homol'ovi集群的其他五个成员中进行了挖掘，使亚当斯和他的同事能够建立当地的年表，并研究与村庄增长相关的村庄重组的细节。由于该集群位于小科罗拉多河沿着，村庄依靠溪流种植作物和饮用水，他们在经济上相互依赖，在政治上可能相互影响。Chevelon位于Chevelon溪的上游，除了沿着Chevelon溪的其他村庄之一，Chevelon溪是流入小科罗拉多河的两条永久性河流之一，为该集群提供水源。Chevelon与Homol'ovi的其他村庄不同的是，从集群以东100公里的村庄进行的陶瓷交易是其他村庄的五到十倍。要么Chevelon与这些东部村庄有着独特的贸易关系，要么来自这些村庄的移民住在Chevelon。研究的重点将是定位广场空间，桥台和墙壁的粘合，脊柱室块的存在和位置，以及使用全站仪和墙壁跟踪挖掘的Chevelon仪式结构的位置。在以前对Homol'ovi村庄的挖掘中确定的一个重要概念是我们所说的“富集矿床”。“富集矿床有大量完整和不寻常的物体，以及与仪式活动有关的高度正式化的矿床。该测试计划还将寻找具有交换陶器或Chevelon地区特有的河岸资源集中的矿床。这些矿床与Chevelon内建筑单元的关系应有助于了解社区内的财富分配以及控制这些财富的团体或家庭的性质。将测试村庄组织的异质性、等级制、公司制和社区制模式。此外，通过共享小科罗拉多河水将那些村庄联系起来，这表明存在集群级组织。Chevelon沿着一条永久性河流，有可能独特的动物群和植物群，其独特的陶瓷组合确定了可以与其他集群成员交换的对象。追踪这些物品到以前挖掘的村庄将使小组能够评估这些物品从Chevelon到其他集群成员的流动，以及这些物品是否遵循与联盟或集群组织的等级模型有关的模式。这项研究的结果将告知在西南部和其他地方工作的考古学家在非国家社会中的权力和社会政治组织的材料相关性和相关行为，以及这些如何在村庄之外表达。