Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Role Of Material Culture In Social Identification

在 E. Charles Adams 博士的指导下，Saul Hedquist 将研究美国西南部前西班牙晚期西普韦布洛地区绿松石和其他蓝绿色矿物的社会用途。学者们早就认识到绿松石在过去和现在的普韦布洛群体中的重要性。然而，尽管人们知道绿松石具有持久的社会和象征意义，但对前西班牙晚期绿松石的使用模式仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在通过对出处、风格和沉积的跨学科调查来解决这一缺陷并阐明相关的身份结构。该项目结合了考古学、地球化学和民族志，试图解决一个中心研究问题：绿松石的流通和使用在整个前西班牙时代晚期的西普韦布洛地区有何变化，对于理解新聚集的定居点和定居点群内部和之间的相互作用和身份表达有何影响？这项研究具有根本性的重要性，因为它将提供关于社会复杂性“简单”水平上的社会如何组织的见解。在这种情况下，具体问题是：经常讲不同语言、具有不同习俗和信仰的多个群体如何融入有效运作的社会单位。该项目包括三个主要组成部分。首先，将开发一个先前记录的前西班牙晚期绿松石产地的综合地理信息系统 (GIS) 数据库，以检查：1) 风格特征的区域多样性和分布； 2）记录的沉积模式的区域多样性和分布； 3) 绿松石与其他材料之间的背景关联。其次，将利用铅和锶同位素的测量来探索获取和交换的区域模式。最近的试点研究表明，在前西班牙时期晚期，来自至少三个地质地点的绿松石在整个西普韦布洛世界流通。额外的同位素测量将用于澄清这些（或许还有其他）来源的绿松石的区域分布，并揭示潜在的相互作用网络。第三，与霍皮人和祖尼部落成员的协商将有助于对考古模式的解释，并确保普韦布洛知识在科学研究中得到准确体现。该项目将通过直接纳入霍皮人和祖尼人的参与和观点，促进与后裔社区的合作。此外，通过独家使用现有的博物馆藏品，该项目促进了对考古记录影响最小的研究。该项目的数据库将整合一个多世纪实地考察的档案数据。这些数据将通过数字考古记录（tDAR）提供给合格的个人。研究成果将通过公开演讲、会议演讲、向部落成员的演讲以及同行评审的出版物进一步传播。显示器和基于网络的模块也将准备用于博物馆和 K-12 课程。

Under the guidance of Dr. E. Charles Adams, Saul Hedquist will examine the social uses of turquoise and other blue-green minerals in the late prehispanic Western Pueblo region of the U.S. Southwest. Scholars have long recognized the importance of turquoise among past and present Pueblo groups. Despite knowledge of its long-lasting social and symbolic importance, however, late prehispanic patterns of turquoise use remain poorly understood. This research seeks to address this deficiency and illuminate associated identity structures through an interdisciplinary investigation of provenance, style, and deposition. The project incorporates archaeology, geochemistry, and ethnography in an effort to address a central research question: How did the circulation and use of turquoise vary throughout the late prehispanic Western Pueblo region, and what are the implications for understanding interactions and identity expressions within and among newly aggregated settlements and settlement clusters? The research gains fundamental importance for the insight it will provide on how societies at a "simple" level of social compxity are organized. In this case the specific issue is: how do multiple groups, often speaking different languages and with different sets of customs and beliefs become integrated into effectively functioning social units.The project includes three primary components. First, a comprehensive geographic information systems (GIS) database of previously documented late prehispanic turquoise occurrences will be developed to examine: 1) the regional variety and distribution of stylistic traits; 2) the regional variety and distribution of documented depositional patterns; and 3) contextual associations between turquoise and other materials. Second, regional patterns of acquisition and exchange will be explored using measurements of lead and strontium isotopes. Recent pilot studies indicate turquoise from at least three geologic locales circulated throughout the Western Pueblo world during the late prehispanic period. Additional isotopic measurements will be used to clarify the regional spread of turquoise from these (and perhaps other) sources and expose potential networks of interaction. Third, consultation with Hopi and Zuni tribal members will aid interpretations of archaeological patterns and ensure Pueblo knowledge is accurately represented in scientific research.The project will foster collaboration with descendent communities by directly incorporating Hopi and Zuni participation and perspectives. In addition, through exclusive use of existing museum collections, the project promotes research with minimal impact on the archaeological record. The project's database will integrate archival data spanning more than a century's worth of fieldwork. These data will be made available to qualified individuals through the Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR). Research results will be further disseminated through public talks, conference presentations, presentations to tribal members, and peer-reviewed publications. Displays and web-based modules will also be prepared for use in museums and K-12 curricula.