Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Role Of Material Culture In Social Identification

在E·查尔斯·亚当斯博士的指导下，索尔·赫德奎斯特将研究绿松石和其他蓝绿色矿物在美国西南部晚理解恐慌的西部普韦布洛地区的社会用途。学者们早就认识到绿松石在过去和现在的普韦布洛群体中的重要性。然而，尽管人们知道绿松石的长期社会和象征意义，但人们对绿松石使用的后期理解模式仍然知之甚少。这项研究试图解决这一不足，并通过对来源、风格和沉积的跨学科调查来阐明相关的身份结构。该项目融合了考古学、地球化学和人种学，以努力解决一个中心研究问题：绿松石的流通和使用在整个晚期理解西普韦布洛地区是如何变化的，以及对于理解新聚集的聚落和聚落集群内部和之间的相互作用和身份表达有何影响？这项研究获得了根本的重要性，因为它将提供关于处于社会复杂性的“简单”水平的社会是如何组织的洞察力。在这种情况下，具体的问题是：多个群体，通常说不同的语言，有着不同的习俗和信仰，如何融入有效运作的社会单位。该项目包括三个主要组成部分。首先，将开发一个综合的地理信息系统(地理信息系统)数据库，记录以前记录的深水松石晚期产状，以检查：1)风格特征的区域多样性和分布；2)记录的沉积模式的区域多样性和分布；以及3)绿松石与其他材料之间的背景联系。第二，将利用铅和锶同位素的测量来探索获取和交换的区域模式。最近的初步研究表明，在理解恐慌晚期，来自至少三个地质地点的绿松石在普韦布洛西部世界各地流动。另外的同位素测量将被用来澄清来自这些(也许还有其他)来源的绿松石的区域扩散，并揭示潜在的相互作用网络。第三，咨询霍皮人和祖尼部落成员将有助于解释考古模式，并确保普韦布洛知识在科学研究中得到准确表达。该项目将通过直接纳入霍皮人和祖尼人的参与和观点，促进与后代社区的合作。此外，通过独家使用现有的博物馆藏品，该项目促进了研究，对考古记录的影响最小。该项目的数据库将整合跨越一个多世纪的田野调查的档案数据。这些数据将通过数字考古记录(TDAR)提供给符合条件的个人。研究成果将通过公开演讲、会议陈述、对部落成员的陈述以及同行评议的出版物进一步传播。还将准备展示和基于网络的模块，以供博物馆和K-12课程使用。

Under the guidance of Dr. E. Charles Adams, Saul Hedquist will examine the social uses of turquoise and other blue-green minerals in the late prehispanic Western Pueblo region of the U.S. Southwest. Scholars have long recognized the importance of turquoise among past and present Pueblo groups. Despite knowledge of its long-lasting social and symbolic importance, however, late prehispanic patterns of turquoise use remain poorly understood. This research seeks to address this deficiency and illuminate associated identity structures through an interdisciplinary investigation of provenance, style, and deposition. The project incorporates archaeology, geochemistry, and ethnography in an effort to address a central research question: How did the circulation and use of turquoise vary throughout the late prehispanic Western Pueblo region, and what are the implications for understanding interactions and identity expressions within and among newly aggregated settlements and settlement clusters? The research gains fundamental importance for the insight it will provide on how societies at a "simple" level of social compxity are organized. In this case the specific issue is: how do multiple groups, often speaking different languages and with different sets of customs and beliefs become integrated into effectively functioning social units.The project includes three primary components. First, a comprehensive geographic information systems (GIS) database of previously documented late prehispanic turquoise occurrences will be developed to examine: 1) the regional variety and distribution of stylistic traits; 2) the regional variety and distribution of documented depositional patterns; and 3) contextual associations between turquoise and other materials. Second, regional patterns of acquisition and exchange will be explored using measurements of lead and strontium isotopes. Recent pilot studies indicate turquoise from at least three geologic locales circulated throughout the Western Pueblo world during the late prehispanic period. Additional isotopic measurements will be used to clarify the regional spread of turquoise from these (and perhaps other) sources and expose potential networks of interaction. Third, consultation with Hopi and Zuni tribal members will aid interpretations of archaeological patterns and ensure Pueblo knowledge is accurately represented in scientific research.The project will foster collaboration with descendent communities by directly incorporating Hopi and Zuni participation and perspectives. In addition, through exclusive use of existing museum collections, the project promotes research with minimal impact on the archaeological record. The project's database will integrate archival data spanning more than a century's worth of fieldwork. These data will be made available to qualified individuals through the Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR). Research results will be further disseminated through public talks, conference presentations, presentations to tribal members, and peer-reviewed publications. Displays and web-based modules will also be prepared for use in museums and K-12 curricula.